Burning Your Boats and The Lais of Marie de France

Additionally, there was the discussion as to whether something that changed on the outside, essentially remained the same, or did its very spirit change. In opposite words, was the constant the human behavior or the wight behavior.

According to the recital told by Marie de France, eyepatch a human's personate may be changed to that of an sensual, which still has animal-like characteristics like barking and hunting, human identity and sense remain the same. The animal skin is merely a skin that hides the accredited nature of the beingness inside. In this case, the gymnastic horse who was changed into a wolf down basically remained who he was, recognized friends and enemies (such as the king, his wife and her new husband) and was loyal and trustworthy as an animal just as he was as a sawbuck (The Lais of Marie de France 71-2).

In Carter's "The Tiger's Bride," this concept is taken a step further. This tale is based on Beauty and the Beast, and like that story, the beast in question is a sentient being who has needs, wants, and desires like every human, as tumesce as the needs he has as an animal. maven more need he has, however, is the very received human need for companionship (Carter 161). In many ways he and his servants show the young girl more mercy and humanity than she ever received from her human father (156). Additionally, while the girl finally submits to being changed on the outside, she essentially appears to pull through her b

These leads to limits of gender discussed by Gerald in which there are several instances where animals of one or the different gender is either maimed or killed when they cross a particular boundary. One example of this, besides the island discussed above, is the hedge nearly Brigid's fire (Gerald 82).

Gerald of Wales. The History and Topography of Ireland. John O'Meara, translator. New York, NY: Penguin Publishing. 1982.

In the chapter on the second part of the history of

The wonders of the various wells, however, depict urine that has changed in nature or changes the nature of other things. One well, for example, result turn someone who washes in it grey, while other well will turn substances into stone (Gerald 62-3). Various other wells are poisonous to animals, but non to humans, will bring rain if opened up, and there is one well that flooded a valley in response to being left open (64). These examples all demonstrate change not only in form or space, but in the very nature of the substance itself.

In all quartette of the above tales the authors explore whether physical appearance is constant with the true nature of a being as well as whether a being changes in nature when it changes in form.

In the tale, "Company of Wolves," however, Carter turns this on its head as nothing is as it appears or constant. The handsome woodsman of the tale is actually the wolf as can be seen when he takes off his garment at grandmother's house. In addition, the young, innocent girl who is supposed to be endangered by the wolf shows her true nonhuman nature when she disrobes and chooses to sleep with the wolf, not particularly caring what had happened to her grandmother.

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