Investment Analysis in a New Hair Product Aroma Oil Assignment

Investment Analysis in a New Hair Product Aroma anoint - Assignment ExampleConsumer trend buying smaller and proportionately more expensive packs. Consumer trend buying smaller and proportionately more expensive packs. Brand loyalty heavy promotion encourages consumer switching and hampers crisscross loyalty. Competitors Spritz from Fructis, Procter & Gamble, LOreal group. Consumers tend to shop for promotions and new products The sum of money initial investment for installation of kit and caboodle and Machinery to manufacture the AROMA hair oil is $ 150,000 and for working capital $50,000. A total investment of $ 200,000 is necessitate for activation of the project. The Operating Expenditure for the year is estimated at $ 1,573,988. The Production capacity of machinery is estimated at 250,000 bottles per month The devote value of an initial investment of $ 200,000 invested at 3% at the end of the year will rifle $ 200000(1+0.03) = $ 206,000. The net return is $ 6,000 only as against $ 205,997 estimated as net profit for the first year subsequently depreciation. The initial investment for installation of this project is $200,000 and its operational cost for one year is as $ 1,573,988. The total cost comes to $1,773,988. The benefits from sales and operational activities are estimated at $ 1,809,985. This yields a net present value NPV of $ 35,997 which is 18% return on Investment. The return on a bank deposit is only 3% per annum whereas in this case, the return on investment is 18% within one single year. The return is very cute and the scope of growth is very high. There also exist long-term benefits in terms of expansion and addition of new hair care products. It is therefore suggested that the investment for this venture is made for the benefits ofall

Research Topic Literature Exploration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Research Topic Literature Exploration - Essay ExampleOther than that working outdoors in long hour jobs, pursuing other interests, sibling rivalry and lack of interest on the parts of parents to take keen interest in childrens school work results in dropouts (Ash, Katie).What should be There is need to mark future dropouts. Building an early warning data system and a two-fold agenda of gamey standards and high graduation rates can help in decreasing high school dropouts. Schools should provide a pleasant experience to students through their operational activities to obstruct the speed of dropouts. information collection on high school dropouts is very important and should not be skipped. Checklist approach to sock the students at risk of dropping out of school should not be the only alterative order to know future dropouts, as it has its own drawbacks. An alternative checklist should be prepared to analyze the data on comparison between two groups -- dropouts and graduates, call ed regression analysis to develop a statistically generated prediction formula. longitudinal data helps in assessing risk factors On track indicators use by preventive programs should be used to bring down dropout rates (Craig D. Jerald).What should be? Research on instructional and structural strategies to inculcate edition and typography skills among students suggests that motivational and self-directed learning can be an easy and effective way by allowing them freedom of reading time and providing range in reading besides giving them freedom to pack research and writing topics (Biancarosa, Gina).Strategic tutoring -- It also helps students not only in completing particular tasks just now helps them in writing independently. Strategic tutoring provides customized help to students identifying and focusing their weak areas such as poor writing skills (Biancarosa, Gina).Intensive writing It requires integration of writing with reading comprehension for which reading instruction s should be vindicated and specific

HPV and Oropharyngeal Cancer in Men Research Paper

HPV and Oropharyngeal pubic louse in Men - Research Paper ExampleSeppa (2011) explains that though the virus was previously believed to infect wo manpower and not workforce, observations, in history, have indicated high rates of infection among men. This g everyplacenment agency that while the infection was previously non-existent in men, or otherwise previously not detected in men, cases of viral infections have increasingly been reported among men to an extent that men argon now equally vulnerable to the viral infection as women are. Further enquiry has also proved that varieties of types of the HPV virus are knowledgeablely transmitted and hence the infection in men that occurs during contacts in sexual interactions. As a result, the viral infection in men is not a recent emergence, but has each been existed in history without being noticed, or has taken some time to rise from a zero preponderance rate to its current prevalence rate that equals the rate among women. The hist ory of the relationship between HPV and Oropharyngeal crabby person in men has also been significantly reported with an increasing trend in men clamor fifty historic period of age. Marur et al. explains that the cancer has particularly been increasing among the category of men in the past years (2010). The authors particularly relate the cancer to human papillomavirus 16 infection (p. 781). ... Research developments that have revealed the extent of photo of men with respect to Oropharyngeal cancer have also identified HPV as an increasingly evolution risk factor towards Oropharyngeal cancer infections (DSouza, G., & Dempsey, A. 2011). Statement of problem This paper seeks to discuss significant research and data that has been developed oer HPV and Oropharyngeal Cancer in men with the aim of exploring HPV as a contemporary issue facing nurse practitioners and established relationship between HPV and Oropharyngeal Cancer in men. The paper will also research into the role of nurse practitioner with respect to HPV and Oropharyngeal Cancer in men. Literature review The general perception that has in the past existed that HPV infections are associated with women and not men is still felt as little research has been conducted to understand mens opinions and knowledge over the infection. A research conducted by Brewer et al. indicated that a majority of men have not til now understood the relationship between HPV infections and cancer. In the research that sought to establish the perception among heterosexual men and homosexual men, the authors established that men are oblivious of the possible infections that are associated with HPV. Only about 40 percent of the respondents, for example, were aware that HPV could lead to genital warts. Similarly, less than a quarter of the respondents were aware that HPV could cause either anal cancer or oral cancer. There is therefore a high level of ignorance over the relationship between HPV and Oropharyngeal Cancer in men. T hough a significant majority of the respondents associated sexual interactions with infections such as genital warts and anal cancer, they did not specifically identify the

United Kingdoms Social Policy with Reference to Child Poverty under Term Paper

United Kingdoms Social form _or_ system of governance with Reference to Child Poverty under the New Labour Government - Term Paper simulationOne of the roles of the government is the formation of a legal framework and approach towards various activities that affect the brisk conditions of its citizens. The formation and application of these legal frameworks present various challenges while at the same time managing to break the affected persons standard of living. The concept under which a government seeks to improve the well-being of its citizens by the formation and implementation of various legislations and guidelines is referred to as a social policy. To illustrate the concept in detail, this essay will focus on the United Kingdoms social policy with reference to electric razor impoverishment under the New Labour government. The gaps existing in policy development will also be given. The evaluation will be guided by information sourced from various written policy document s and statements from tell politicians regarding child poverty (Davies 2008). Child poverty can be defined as a place where a household lacks adequate resources to live above a generally agreed lifestyle. The British government approached child poverty from four aspects which are enshrined under the 2010 Child Poverty Act (Preston 2008). Under the Act, child poverty is defined from four perspectives, namely relative low-income poverty, absolute low-income poverty, persistent low-income poverty and finally stuff and nonsense deprivation. Under the relative low-income poverty, a child is deemed poor if their familys income is below 60% of the median income. right-down low-income poverty arises where a childs family constantly holds an income of less than 60% of the median income for one financial year. The Act identifies persistent low-income poverty as one where a childs household lives on an income of less than 60% of the median household income for a period exceeding 3 years.

An investigation into why e-businesses fail Essay

An investigation into why e-businesses fail - Essay ExampleThis disserttion used multi-cse studies s there were numerous exmples of filed online businesses s well s triumphful ones. The results of the cse studies hve shown tht stff with consider in mrketing is vitl to the success of the online business, s mrketing in online business encompsses most spects of the business, nd is not just confined to ttrcting nd retining customers. Mrketing n online business lso involves mnging the website itself nd ensuring tht the technicl spects re contributing to the customer experience. In the cse studies, it ws cler tht experience ws the key to success in online businesses, s experience would influence other fctors such s mrketing nd business plns. Some online businesses my need professionl help in mrketing, but only if they hve not expertise within the tem. Therefore it ws more importnt to recognise nd identify the shortcomings of the online business model before setting up the online busines s. This seemed to be greter determinnt of success, s well-thought out business nd mrketing pln would nd should include undergo nd qulified personnel. The disserttion lso highlighted the importnce of business prtnerships especilly where the online business ws not mnufcturer.Since the dwn of the internet, lot of businesses nd individuls set bout estblishing online businesses in bid to mss mssive profits. However, ccording to Crine (2001) since the yer 2000 pproximtely 200 online businesses went out of the business ccounting for more thn 50% of business closures. This high filure rte is of concern to the business nd finncil community s such closures will lso ffect stock mrkets nd shres. Some of the online

Economic Finance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Economic Finance - assigning ExampleTheorists in this context often argued that the occurrence of vitamin E Asiatic crisis was the consequence of the fiscal irresponsibility performed by global institutions including the IMF, especially concerning its financial rest form _or_ system of political science of the 1980s and the 1990s (Bustelo, The East Asian Financial Crises An Analytical Survey). THESIS STATEMENT The following discussion hereunder intends to focus on the arguments made by Joseph E. Stiglitz on IMF intervention, which is often accounted as a key reason for the East Asian Financial crisis of the 1990s. Accordingly the discussion also includes the description of the other agendas laid by the IMF other than the progression of stability and product in the least developed countries of the military man. HOW THE IMF INTERVENTION DID WORSEN THE EAST ASIAN monetary CRISIS OF THE LATE 1990s? According to Stiglitz, the IMF policies in respect to the gradual capital market and financial liberalization should be accounted as the most important reasons of the East Asian financial crisis in the year 1990 (89-91). Stiglitz set ahead argues that the IMF was founded with an intention to deal with similar crisis locations, but it failed in preventing the East Asia Crisis of the 1990s rather worsening the crisis situation being emphasized to facilitate liberalization within the global economy. Such liberalization activities around the world contributed to currency speculations affecting the group of poorer and developing nations of the East Asian neighbourhood (Stiglitz 91-95). Arguments by Stiglitz concentrates on the consequences of rise by the IMF, in support of the US Treasury, to promote capital market liberalization globally. As per the enacted insurance policy respect of market liberalization, IMF credited the Asian markets with supply of capital in dollars as a measure to aid their sustenance in the currency exchange rates. Accordingly, the mone y was utilized by the countries to provide the motley firms with dollars. These dollars were again utilized by the firms in the repayment of loans obtained from the Western banks increasing currency speculation. Such a transition in the capital market led to high inflation rates in the East Asian countries. Additionally, in order to rectify this problem, IMF imposed higher rates of interest, taxes and cut offs on the government expenditures in the East Asian countries at the time when they were facing the negative consequences of high degree of indebtedness. As a consequence, many firms in the East Asian countries perished, thus worsening the crisis situation in the region (Stiglitz 104-113). According to Stiglitz, another the major fault of the IMF in worsening the crisis situation in the 1990s was its policy to support the attitude of a bumbling restructuring (Stiglitz 113-118). Undoubtedly, restricting without proper planning inhibited the stable growth and reformation within th e East Asian economies. Not only so, but according to Stiglitz, the restructuring increased the funny house within these economies, which were already suffering from increasing levels of unemployment along with deepening inflation rates and huge essence of indebtedness (113-118). Above the mentioned issues, Stiglitz also argued that the most serious fault of IMF in performing its responsibilities was its greater deduction to corporate welfare rather than towards the development of the rudimental levels of the East Asian

The Analysis of Film production as a popular cultural production in Essay

The Analysis of Film production as a frequent cultural production in Korea - Essay ExampleThe poor quality of the frivol aways in Korea was due to trammel budget of production and lack of well-developed system and structures compared to the Hollywood films which had taken over Koreans market place. Between 1993 and 1998, the Korean market share in the film fabrication had steadily decreased by 15% threatening its creation in the industry. The film Shiri which was a hit in 1999 was about a North Korean give away who was preparing a coup in Seoul and it sold more than two million tickets. It also put down more than 5 million viewers catapulting to the top of the South Korean box office and took the place previously held by the film Titanic. This film made the Samsung Entertainment group to create a production system and also initiated large-scale fundraising of money to improve the film industry. Koreans market share in the film industry also increased by 39.6 percent. This was a great achievement in the Korean popular cultural production as it brought fame to the country. The increase in the market share also shake many Korean film-makers convincing them that good financial support system and a selected quality stick out make Korean film productions successful. The film Shiri also opened doors for other films in Korea such as the Matrix to gain fame in the world. Additionally, the five-day working week law applied in this country promoted its film production in a big way since most people visited theatres during their long weekends. As a result, the Korean film market expanded by 18% annually and by 2002, the film industry had over 100 million audiences. As of 2004, many Korean films had become more popular in the world than the Hollywood films. In addition, major distributors of the Hollywood movies such as Warner Brothers and DreamWorks saw great latent in Korean films and began to acquire the copyright of remakes of the several moviesthat had been big hits the Korean market.

Critically discuss the contribution of positivism to the study of Essay

Critically discuss the contribution of positivism to the study of society - Essay ExampleThis news report would however move forward with narrowing its focus on epistemology, which is concerned about the sources, nature, and limitations of knowledge. Moreover, epistemology also attempts to sort at the process of acquiring knowledge, differentiating between reliable and unreliable knowledge, nature of the knowledge and all former(a) factors involved in the process. Epistemologists differ greatly, as they do in all different aspects of philosophy and in that respect are different shallows of thought in epistemology as well. Rationalism believes that knowledge comes with reason, thinking, and discovering ideas, knowledge or realism resides in the ideas, and ideas are a priori which come before bonk. Empiricism believes that the source of knowledge remains experience and humans only have the access to the ideas of the things and not things. For having the knowledge, we need to use experience. Transcendental idealism is another(prenominal) school of thought, which tries to accommodate both empiricism and rationalism by saying that knowledge is something, which begins with experience and ends at the structural arrangement of knowledge in mind with the use of logic and reasoning. However, there are other schools of thought like intuitionism, authoritarianism, postmodern view and others but we once again narrow down or focus on empiricism since that concerns our rest of the decision.Positivism is one of the most important concepts and developments in the empiricist school of thought, which holds the view that reliable knowledge is only attainable with proper experience and demands verification, very much exchangeable to the scientific way of acquiring knowledge. Famous sociologist and philosopher Auguste Comte deserves all the credit for coming up with a umbrella framework and layout for this term (Kaines, pp. 16-24, 1880). However, contributions from Hebert S pencer, Emile Durkenheim, and Charles Darwin have also been

Boundaries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Boundaries - Essay ExampleIn other omniscient we compartmentalize too much so that our professional lives cause damages to our private lives. This paper analyses the necessities of achieving sue-life balancing. men shortage, especially skilled manpower shortage is one of the major problems, in European and American countries. mass of last and manpower shortages is increasing day by day which force organizations in these countries to ask their exist employees to stay back for over snip on a regular posterior. For example, nursing professionals in these countries forced to work even up to 16 hours per day because of the shortage of nursing professional in these countries. Many of the IT organizations in these countries are outsourcing their jobs to countries like India and China in order to tackle the manpower shortage problems. Globally, the regular work hours of an employee is fixed to eight hours per day because of the necessities of ample rest a person needs before head s tart another day in the office. An employee needs to maintain his physical and mental health for delivering his maximum productivity. However, organizations of the current era are forgetting about it and asking their employees to work overtime on a regular basis which is creating problems in their personal life. The overload of work often forces the employee to forget his family commitments and family problems may start to develop in his life. Workers in poorer quality jobs (with poor job security, work overload, low levels of time and task autonomy, low tractability and low job satisfaction) have worse work-life interference than those in better quality jobs (Pocock et al p.7). condition French president Jacques Chirac also expressed similar concerns. In his opinion, poor work-life balance arises from long and acuate working hours may enhance the productivity of the organizations however, better productivity should not come at the outlay of the quality of life and social cohes ion (Bloom et al,2006, p.5). (Bloom et al, p.5). Man is a social animals rather than a machine. Moreover, he has emotions, feelings and thoughts which segregate him from other objects in this world. He is working for living, not living for working. But many of the organizations observe the employees just like machines. Machines do not need rest or break until it damages. It is impossible for a person to work in that manner because of the non-mechanistic components present in him. Johnson (2008) also expressed similar concerns. In his opinion, Extended working hours and more than required time spent at work place paves trend for health complaints and too much of stress that can lead to injuries like an accident when driving(Johnson). It is onerous for a worker to concentrate on a particular topic more than certain time period. Body and mind should cooperate properly to fix the attention of a person on a particular topic for longer period. Both eubstance and mind needs periodical relaxation or rest in order to function properly. Long working hours will destroy both body and mind which may reflect in the personal and professional life of a person if he forced to work longer periods continuously. Heart diseases, fatigue, stress, depression, chronic infections, diabetes, back aches, general health complaints and death are some of the grievances one has to face while working late and for long (Johnson) The morality of asking employees to work for

Blow the Whistle or Breathe Insulation Case Study

Blow the Whistle or Breathe Insulation - Case Study ExampleRelevant details in the case acknowledge asbestos contamination in the vault, strong recommendation but not a requirement of the county inspector to eat up or seal off the asbestos in the wallboard or pipes, release of federation statement that it had complied with the char inciteer reference but nothing was planned, a memo requiring the employees to perform their normal duties even entering the contaminated vault, refusal of the company to do the demands of the citation because of the high cost of asbestos removal, known hazards of exposure to asbestos by the employees, complaints by the employees and discussions being communicated to the charge but received refusal from the President and insisted that the county has reinspected the company and was satisfied with the result, threats to ones health and job, and thoughts of releasing a major statement to the general public or media to pressure the company to remove the as bestos. Acquring this details, it is revile to let the employees enter the vault as this compromises employees health and violates the ethical convention of beneficence. Likewise, it might also be wrong to go on public and tell the issue as you might violate the ethical principle of doing no harm to the safety of employment of yours and other employees that might get involved. Conflict arises between the advance of common good or health of the employees as to the protection of company image to ensure that employees pull up stakes retain their positions and jobs as well as breadwinners of their families. I can see that the individual who bequeath act as the whistleblower would be affected in terms of job stability the group of employees who will enter the contaminated vault will also be affected in terms of health while the company will also be affected once the case is exposed.Consider options in resolving the problem from the perspective of the Consequentialist the rightness o f the decision is based on the consequences utilitarianism Deontologist

Internal Memorandum of law for negeligent supervision(the Tuttles) and Assignment

natural Memorandum of law for negeligent supervision(the Tuttles) and negeligence( the Jones) - Assignment ExampleOwen and Dolly Jones, who own and operate the campground, dont have any security measure on the premises because they are a mom and pop operation, and many of the campers come back socio-economic class after year. They posted a sign out front that says, Everyones family at the O & D Family fuckingtonmentTamaras family has been looking for a summer spot to which they can return year after year, so they gave the O & D Family Campground a try this year. The first morning after arriving, the two 10 year-old girls eat up the pool at about 930, even though a sign posted at the pool entrance states that the pool is not supposed to open for another half hour, at 1000 am.Tamara dove into the pool, and said, Ow Its shallow here, but it is warm Come on in Shayla yelled, What? and dove in flop next to Tamara, but she hit bottom and broke her arm. Tamara saved Shayla from drown ing by pulling her to the side of the pool, and consequently helping her out to the pool deck.The girls yelled for Tamaras parents, who came out and immediately called an ambulance. Owen and Dolly returned from breakfast in town, and step on it into the pool area before the ambulance even arrived. Tamaras mom wondered why the pool was not marked as shallow on that end, but Dolly says they put up the signs every morning when they get fix to officially open the pool, plus the pool is sand bottom and relatively soft anyway.First The Americans with Disabilities trifle and other jurisprudence protects Shayla. Even though she is dyslexic, that does not mean that she is any more responsible or that the campground is any less responsible.Second A business has some defense against negligence if what occurred happened outdoor(a) normal business hours. However, this defense is not ironclad If a company has an employee do an errand and the employee gets into a dispel while carrying a comp any-issued cell phone or pager or is a non-designated driver, the company can be liable even outside of normal operating hours (FindLaw,

Love Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 9

bang - Essay lessonIt was our old durations when true distinguish was found on this plant, the current generation has no radical of what true love is my grandfather used to say that. But love actu ally is the greatest of all powers on this plant and with the ability to identify and care, one post find love anywhere on this planet in form of love form family, love for their own selves and love for a woman. experience for family is usually the close to commonly found kind of love. It is the love that exists between the members of a family. This kind of love is identified when the members of a family tend to take care of each other, make sacrifices and provide with basic necessities of conduct to each other. lie with for family keeps the family together and can be regarded as the main pillar of our social life. It is too the love for ones family that makes one of the founding stones of a community since families are what make communities survive.Love for ones self is the secon d kind of love that exists in this world. People who usually distil this kind of love are labeled selfish in todays world besides actually it is this love that helps them survive and progress. Love for ones self does not mean universe selfish and not taking care of others at all but, it means giving enough time to ones self, to take care of ones self, maintaining hygiene, eating healthy food and expending money to look good. Staying happy is an important way to express love for ones self.Love for a woman, often misunderstood as the only kind of love in this world is actually a kind of love. It Is an important component of a persons married life and a necessity for marriage to continue. If there is no love for the woman there would be no marriage. It is the most complicated kind of love and usually the most difficult to live up to.In a nutshell, love for a woman is not the only kind of love that exists in the world. Love can exist in any shape such as love for God,

Marketing Principles and Applications Coursework

Marketing Principles and Applications - Coursework Example7 References 9 1. What Is The Current Target Market For surplus K And Its fussy K infatuation veto? Should The Target Market For supererogatory K Be Expanded? If So, Describe The Profile Of The New Target Market. Kellogg Company is a well-reputed name in the ball-shaped food industry. It specializes in nutritious food section perpetually focusing on the low go cereal grass based food items. As a leading brand, the company has many sub-brands under its umbrella, much(prenominal) as Special K and Special K Chocolatey Crunch close offs. Similar to other brands marketed by the company, Special K and Special K Chocolatey Crunch Bars argon also based on the cereals and narrow down to serve the customers with a low fat breakfast item. For instance, Special K cereal is produced from the rice cereal and contains only 110 calories without any fat (Kellogg Company, Special K Cereal). Special K Chocolatey Crunch Bars be also manufactured from cereals and contains merely 90 calories (Kellogg Company, Special K Chocolatey Crunch Bars). Considering the characteristics of these products, it is quite apparent that these products are mainly targeted to the young adults who also tend to be health conscious. health consciousness is a growing factor among the adolescents and the young adults. With this concern, it hatful be stated that the marketing prospects for these sub-brands are quite significant and thus the company should aim at expanding its target market. With the purpose of expansion, the company can focus on both adolescents and young adults in the economy. However, this will require more aggressive promotional strategies along with few modifications in the products with due consideration to the nutrition required for the adolescents. 2. What Consumer Behavior Influences Play A Role Or Will Play A Role In The Marketing Strategy For Special K? Consumer behavior is referred to as the process undertake n by an individual or a group of customers in order to decide their consumption of a product at a particular quantity. The process involves the bearing of the customers, their income level, their spending power and also their lifestyles. As revealed from various empirical studies, favorable consumer behavior effectively enhances the fruit of the product, whereas, consumer behavior opposing the product marketed shall lead to the abolition of the product within a short twain of time. Thus, consumer behavior is termed to be quite significant in the modern day marketing (Sjoberg & Engelberg, Lifestyles, and Risk light Consumer Behavior). In relation to the Kelloggs Special K and Special K Chocolatey Crunch Bar brands, it can be stated that the factors of consumer behavior such as the income level and spending power are less effective than the attitude and lifestyle choices of the targeted customers. It is due to the fact that the company offers its products at a agonistical price w ith due consideration to the aspect of affordability of the targeted customers. In this regard, most of the marketing strategies adopted by the company in Canada are observed to be focused on the healthy living choices of the customers. In this regard, it intends to become awareness among the targeted customers through various promotional activities. The company also focuses on its pricing and other promotional strategies, such as discounts, coupons and special services for the

1964 Tokyo Olympics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

1964 Tokyo Olympics - Essay ExampleSymbolizing a reacceptance to the global lodge and the end of a lengthy, depressing period for many lacquerese, the 1964 Tokyo Summer Olympics was a moment to blot and commemorate the progress and reemergence of Japan. This Japan was new and different from what it used to be in the eyes of the human beings it was no longer a struggletime foe, but a peaceful country that terrorized no one. In a surprisingly short time, the transition from distraught enemy to rebuilt friend was achieved in less than 2 decades. Japan had previously joined the United Nations and several other international organizations, but nothing matches the vision and wideness of an Olympics. The whole world would be glide slope to Japan, and those that could not come would be watching live and in color for the first time. It was also the first Olympiad to be hosted in a non-white, non-Western country, a point of self-conceit for both Japan and the International Olympic Comm ittee (IOC).The Nipponese also made a decisiveness to prove the world that they had restructured and were now a peace-loving people. The Olympics, which claim to be apolitical and about individuals coming together in nonviolent competition, were perfect for displaying this new identity based on Japans constitution that renounced war as a tool of the state and its status as the only country to suffer from an nuclear bombing. Certainly, selective amnesia was necessary that either forgot the war or centered on domestic scold during the war rather than the suffering Japanese caused across Asia and the Pacific during the 17 years of war. This was most patently witnessed at the various art and cultural exhibits that cautiously eliminated all images and arts related to the Empire. As the Japanese government was basically prohibited the use of the military or its traditions, the Olympics were also a harmless mood to promote patriotism and nationalism.

What factors affect heart rate Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

What factors affect ticker rate - Lab Report ExampleThe marrow squash is an substantial and delicate organ of all humans plus animals. This is due to its primary functions, which are indispensable in executing diverse roles and keeping other organs working normally. Mainly, there exists numerous factors, which affect heart functions in diverse ways, but not all of them result in serious life large(p) incidences. These factors usually differ radically due to their diverse influences on the heart rate due to their intensities. Principally, heart rate or pulsation is the speed in which it contracts so that it may be able to prolong adequate blood circulation for effective supply of oxygen in all the body tissues. Normally, a well-informed person has an average pulsation of 70 80 Beats per minute (Bpm), though this owing to certain(prenominal) factors might change. For instance, when the body requires more O2 in its tissues, and then the pumping of extra blood is necessary which facilitates more O2, so escalating pulsation. Hypothesis Diverse quick modes held per minute normally impart noticeable heart pulsation fluctuations. Since, during intensity it slows down prior resuming to the normal beating (Camm 3). The fluctuations differ drastically depending on the breathing alterations per minute, which is the key warning of this report. Heart rate of an individual or any animal is directly comparative to the breathing. Method The test implicated measuring of heart rates or pulsation per minute by having diverse breathing modes. This entailed five trials data measuring and recording to ensure attaining of high truth during the process, for each set. The independent inconstant was breathing where for this case to attain reliable results where breathing modes ranges Normal breathing Holding breath rich breathing The dependent variable, which will be varying in each set, is the heart rate, where to guarantee its accuracy there is a need for several five recordings per minute. Procedure Initial set mingled taking normal breathing pulsation using heart rate monitor per minute and tabulating the five trials in a table prior computing the averages (Telles, Nilkama & Acharya 3). This entailed keen observation meant to ensure consistency of the data. Second mensuration encompassed holding the breath for a long period as one would, then tabulating the data deep down one minute five times to complete the set and calculate the mean. Third set involved breathing deeply for one minute and compute as other sets before taking the average, then followed by computation of the five trials from the 3 sets. Lastly, there was compiling of the whole class individual records for the three sets coupled with final calculations. Final computations encompassed mean, median standard deviations, modes and diverse graphs to depict their correlationsclearly (Telles, Nilkama & Acharya 2). selective information battle array Individual data mesa 1 Table for the three sets recorded for five trials. Trials 1 2 3 4 5 Normal set 76.00 75.00 73.00 75.00 76.00 total 75.00 Holding breath set 75.00 75.00 77.00 69.00 72.00 Average 73.60 Breathe Deeply set 80.00 76.00 78.00 79.00 78.00 Average 78.20 Whole class average Table 2 Table for Whole class average Rest Hold Breath Breathe Deeply 86.40 84.80 106.80 67.00 65.00 63.00 78.50 74.50 72.50 74.00 84.00 84.00 60.40 74.20 69.00 67.40 73.30 80.30 73.80 79.00 68.20 68.40 69.00 76.20 64.40 72.40 69.20 64.80 68.40 86.20 82.60 83.00 87.40 68.60 76.40 66.60 88.75 102.25 86.00 75.00 73.60 78.20 71.00 73.30 62.00 78.00 74.50 64.80 NB - Data Assumes 2 Decimal Places. The results attained all through the

What are the Strategic Issues Facing Marks & Spencer and what strategy Essay

What are the Strategic Issues Facing mark & Spencer and what strategy should they follow next - Essay ExampleThe two merged to form a stove of small penny stalls under the retail name of Marks and Spencer plc. Michael Marks was succeeded by his password Simon Marks in the running of the stalls. Simon Marks, soon turned around of the bazaars into fully fledged stalls and introduced the St. Michael logotype which was used as a distinct sign of quality on all the Marks and Spencer products. With everywhere 885 stores in 40 territories,600 in the UK and survey data showing that one in every one-third British women were wearing on of the Marks & Spencer range of bras, Marks and Spencer was officially recognized as organism the largest clothing retailer in the UK. In 2010, a new CEO was appointed to head the society and the CEO was like a shot besieged with a myriad of issues associated with continuing the challenges of strategic change and reassessing the companys competitive stra tegy. Challenges Facing Marks & Spencer. Some of the internal issues facing Marks and Spencer take on insufficient levels of communion between the Board and the investors. Examples of this situation include the announcement by Stuart Rose in April 2008 declaring his taking over the joint role as both the company CEO and also as the chair of the circuit carte du jour of directors. This take to the woods proved to be quite unpopular, since it was in breach of the advice that the company got from the combined code of bodied governance. The body provides a, code that is voluntarily followed by most of the FTSE 100 companies. The moved proved to be immediately unpopular with investors, who deemed that Rose was now holding too much power. This is especially since the move by a single person, to hold the combined roles, had previously proved to be dangerous. There were also fears that it could prove to be detrimental once once more. Rose overlooked all these concerns and proceeded w ith the appointment (Hill & Jones 2010). In the first half of the course of instruction 2009, Rose and his marketing director awarded themselves an enormous ?1 million package in the form of bonuses and shares. The move was opposed by investors and, Rose and his Marketing Director were forced to give up the package in order to try and appease the discontented shareholders. Louise Patten also came under fire, and there was a enquiry to block her reappointment for signing off the bonuses. In the July 2009 AGM, Rose narrowly survived a motion of no presumption by investors who were concerned about his joint role as both the company CEO and Chairing the board of directors. Over 40 percent of the investors had voted against the reappointment of Rose as Chair. Rose was in the limelight once again when in May 2010, the investors expressed their frustration with the board after, when without any shareholder consultations whatsoever, the board negotiated an impressive princely hello deal for the new CEO Bolland, amounting to ? 7.5 million in the form of cash as sanitary as shares. The deal was criticized by many critics as being excessive and credited with giving Bolland a less than perfect start to his tenure at Marks and Spencer plc. (Collis) Among the corporate issues facing the company include the announcement by Rose in July 2009, stating his intention to stand down as the company CEO, alone not as the Chair of the board until 2011. This move was seen by investors as having the probability of creating an almost insurmountable leadership task for Mark Bolland, the incoming CEO with Rose and the Marks and Spencer plc board looking assign to remain in their capacities for the medium term. The inability by Marks and Spencer to break into the mid-age demographic, and its over reliance on the 55years+ demographic which comprised of nearly two thirds of its customers was also criticized by Tony Shiret in 2009. The launch of the (GIVe) range of

Different Degree Levels in Nursing Essay Example for Free

Different Degree Levels in Nursing EssayNursing is a wonderful, rewarding profession to enter, and it must be chosen for all the right reasons. Today many obliges ar face with a difficult decision to takings to college. For those of us who wish to continue to advance our breastfeed career we continue to need the educational assistance that is necessary to advance our nursing skills. With nursing on that point are so many paths one can obtain after achieving your RN. You just need to withdraw what path is right for you. Basically there are ii of the most common degrees to choose from the swains Degree of Nursing (ADN) or unmarried mans Degree of Nursing (BSN).Many do non name the difference between the two. However there are many differences, but both nurses subscribe to the resembling nursing philosophies. With that being said, the ADN is ab place a two- course of study program while the BSN is a four year college or university. An different differences between ADN and BSN, is the ADN is 72 credits and the BSN is 125 credits. Today many nurses are faced with a tough and difficult decision. They are asking themselves what is the right choice for me? Why should I return to school? What are the benefits going to be for me after completing my degree?Truly, when it comes down to it only when the nurse can decide and make the necessary decision. The associate degree level of nursing was developed out of a need to produce nurses in response to a shortage during and following World war II (http//nursing. adelphi. edu/ astir(predicate)/history. php,n. dHYPERLINK http//nursing. adelphi. edu/about/history. php,n. d. . ). In return many students who choose nursing were leaving only after a few years, thus creating a shortage. The ADN of nursing typically focuses on clinical competencies, fundamental principle and technical skill needed to care for the forbearings.Also, the ADN degree promotes more task-oriented nurses, basic theory and the judgment t o exit at the entry level. They must also demonstrate the skills necessary in life-saving practice. It generally takes about two years at a community college and the cost for this degree is more manageable. Once the nurse proves their competencies by passing the NCLEX-RN they can obtain a state license. The benefit of having ADN is that the degree itself is a much shorter timeframe and a much less expensive to complete to become a registered nurse.In 1965, the American Nurses Association (ANA) designated the bachelors degree degree as the educational entry point into professional nursing practice (Friberg, page 3). The Bachelor of Science (BSN) in nursing typically takes a person four years to complete at a state college or university. The expense of a four-year degree is costly for some who are hard to be sparing with their college education. The BSN requires the ability to think logically and critically in patient care settings. The computer program places emphasis on leadersh ip and instruction in the nursing setting.Also it broadens the cognition of patho-physiology of diseases, deals more with normal issues and refines to a deeper assessment of nursing skills. One of the many benefits of having a BSN allows one to gain more insure and more responsibility. Also, allowing one to further their education in nursing by obtaining a masters degree, nurse anesthetist, and nurse practitioner. The BSN also allows for a salary increase. It is unreasonable to think that this situation is going by anytime soon. With that being said, looking into the future today most hospitals are trying to achieve Magnet status. The res publicas Magnet hospitals, which are recognized for nursing excellence and superior patient outcomes, have go to require all nurse managers and nurse leaders to hold a baccalaureate or potash alum degree in nursing by 2013(Rossester 2012b). One thought to this is to have nurses obtain the most knowledge possible, and the know how to think in critical situations when they arise. One of my patient care situations that I can render is when I was working on the telemetry floor in our local hospital.I was with a few other nurses, having their associate degree and two with their bachelor degree. Lets call the ADN nurse A and the BSN nurse B. So, we were all around the nurses station waiting to give report to the next pillow slip and one of the nursing assistants came running down the hall saying, one of the patients in room say 420 is not responding when I try to call her name. Nurse A and Nurse B both went into the room and the patient had no pulse and wasnt breathing. Nurse B immediately started CPR and took charge in occupational group a Code.The code team arrived at this time. Nurse B asked if Nurse A could take the patients blood sugar and hang some fluids and get the patient on the monitor. Nurse A was also well in keeping the family and the people in the hallway calm and relaxed. The patient in the end was transferr ed to the ICU where they can better care for the patient in this critical situation and the doc was notified. Nurse B was more knowledgeable and had the necessary leadership skills along with the advanced critical sentiment skills that this situation required.Nurse A was competent and did what was expected of the skills she had. In conclusion, I believe that having your ADN degrees is a spry way to gain the necessary knowledge and skills to enter into practice and the cost is less. The BSN allows one to prepare for management and leadership decisions. Also allowing for more critical skills and providing better career opportunities along with higher pay. As I reflect back on my education and skills and the future I recommend all nurses should receive their BSN. Referenceshttp//nursing. adelphi. edu/about/history. php. (n. d. ) Friberg, Creasia (2011). Conceptual Foundations The Bridge to Professional Nursing Practice 5 (VitalSource Bookshelf), Retrieved August 14, 2012, from http// pageburstsls. elesevier. com/books/978-0-323-06869-7/id/B9780323068697100029_f0010. Rosseter, R. (2012b, April 2). Fact Sheet Creating a more than Highly Qualified Nursing Workforce. American Association of Colleges of Nursing. Retrieved August 14, 2012, from www. aacn. nche. edu/edia-relations/Nursing Workforce. pdf.

Family structure in the United States Essay Example for Free

Family structure in the United States EssayDuring WII nuclear families were the most common family type. Men were the main breadwinners and the women stayed at home, taking armorial bearing of the children. This has now shifted to shared and even r ever sosed roles, as dual-earner families are also on the rise. Since WWII, there has been a rise in types of families such as extended, mavin parent and step. Of all the houses in 2005, 57% were duet families compared with 70% in 1971. The biggest fall has been in couple families with three or more dependent children (Fisher Et Al 2012) at that designate are m any(prenominal) reasons why family structures have changed since WWll. The biggest factor has been divorced, with a dramatic increase from provided 339 divorces in 1971 to 2,360 in 2015 (nisra.gov.uk 14/09/17). There are now approximately 1.7 million lone-parent families in Britain devising up about 25% of families. This was due to the Divorce Reform Act of 1969 taking force in 1971.The social stigma of divorce was no longer as big an issue and financial emancipation is now increasing for women, making it easier on women to leave their husbands (www.theguardian.com). This devalued marriage, with many choosing not to legally marry. 36% of adults in Northern Ireland remain single (NI Census, 2011). Cohabitation is on the increase, with almost 6 in 10 babies creation born to either unmarried parents or a single mother. The numbers are greatest in Belfast and Derry (The Belfast Telegraph, 23/9/15). Cohabitation during and after WW2 would have been seen as unforgiv able-bodied with hardly any couple doing so. Lots of factors have changed to make couples living together out of wedlock more relaxed. There has been a decrease in social stigma and a decreasing church influence, with only 1 in 10 people now regularly attending church (www.bbcnews.co.uk). However, Northern Ireland has the highest level of churchgoers in the UKwww.faithsurvey.co.uk. Only 36 % of marriages take place in church comparing to 1960 when all marriages took place in a church (www.stp.pembrokeshire.sch.uk).The introduction and accessibility of contraception have had an influence on family structures. This has had a study effect on couples starting their families, especially if they are concentrating on building their career. According to BBC News (4/12/11) in Britain in the 1960s, the pill was available only to married women who felt their families were complete. By 1974 all women, including those who were single could have the pill prescribed. When contraception was more widely used it affected the UK by couples having smaller families. They were able to plan if and when to start and family and how many children to have. The NI Census shows a reduction in the average household size from 2.65 in 2001 to 2.54 in 2011. Many couples are now childless. The Sunday Times magazine (Christina Patterson, 20/10/13) clog ups up this information stating that It is estim ated that, by 2018, 25% of British women of childbearing age will neer have a baby, and this increases to a third of women with degrees. The dependence of women working in WW2 and the suffragette movement meant that the roles of women changed significantly and by the 1960s, 38% of women were employed (www.bbc.co.uk). The equal pay act was passed in 1970 giving women their rights, however, according to ONS statistics on average, women are paid over 19% less than men. Followed by the Sex Discrimination Act, then before long after women finally won the right to 14 weeks maternity leave in 1993 and more in recent years. These acts allow women to work in within a working environment fairly and be paid the same as men which means that single parents have a better luck of coping on their own rather than being having the stress of finding a partner (www.bbc.co.uk). Statistics back this up by stating that there are now approximately 1.7million lone parent families in Britain this makes up about 25% of all families (Fisher et al 2012)There has also been an increase in families based on same-sex civil partners as a result of legislation in 2004. The first same-sex civil partnership took place in Belfast in December 2005. The number of same-sex marriages in Northern Ireland from 2005 to 2015 have gone up and down throughout the years due to media portrayals. In 2005 there were 12 same-sex marriages increasing to the highest number is ever been in 2010 at 116. The numbers have decreased since then to 89 in 2015.

Effectiveness of Electronic Group Brainstorming Essay Example for Free

effectualness of electronic Group Brainstorming EssayThe first article reviewed was entitled Improving Extreme-Scale Problem Solving Assessing electronic Brainstorming Effectiveness in an Industrial Setting by Courtney C. Dornburg, Susan M. Stevens, Stacey M. L. H lastrickson, and George S. Davidson, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico. The paper was authored in June of 2009.The objective of this paper was to conduct an experiment and report the results of the efforts to comp be the matteriveness of chemical assemblage electronic forecast versus various(pre nominative) electronic think to address difficult, real-world challenges (Dornburg et al. , 2009). Many such studies have been conducted over the years to pick up if class cerebrate is more effective than individual brainstorming and the conclusion is that individual brainstorming creates more and better quality beliefs. However, there are non many another(prenominal) studies examining larger w ork groups, 30 or more, with diversity among skill and knowledge levels in an industrial setting. This article aims to determine the beaver way to supplement EBS (electronic brainstorming) methods within the setting of a national laboratory to evaluate public presentation within four-spot industrially relevant areas.Because of the ever-increasing use of engine room in the workplace, it is imperative that managers understand group dynamics to fear in solving industrially relevant renders and how to apply the right technology to the situation. The group of individuals conducting this enquiry declares that electronic brainstorming has been proposed to reduce the negative effects of group brainstorming and help control costs. Electronic brainstorming should allow for shorter meetings, an increase in participation regardless of the participants location, a reduction in costs, and provide for better documentation. The experimental goals of this paper were as follows 1. Measure idea quality as intimately as quantity2. Examine larger work groups, up to 30 members3. Solve a real-world resultant4. Determine how measure and scheduling interact with EBSParticipants in this study were randomly assigned to a group (one group of 39 and a nonher group of 30) and were given instructions to log into a website and comment their ideas at least once a day for 4 successive days. The availability of the website was non circumscribe to just running(a) hours, thus participants could enter ideas either when working or at home, so whenever an idea came to them, they had the opportunity to log into the website and input their schooling. The nominal group participants only were able to enter their own answers. The group-condition participants could see their own ideas as well as those of their group and could build on other ideas submitted by the recognize a breather of the group. The questions the participants were asked to respond to was a problem from the company pres ident which contrasted two models of how organizations relate to their employees.The two questions were as follows 1. How do employees establish an identity for themselves in relation to their work environment, i.e., how do they define their we, and 2. How to create the appropriate relief between the role of management and the sense of empowerment of employees (Dornburg et al., 2009). The results were generated and responses were evaluated based on originality, feasibility, and effectiveness. The results showed that nominal was superior to group brainstorming in at least some industrial contexts (Dornburg et al., 2009). In the nominal group responses, both(prenominal) average and maximum idea quality were considerably better than the group condition responses.The analysis be that the nominal participants produced more good ideas than group participants however there was not a major distinction in the total minute of ideas produced. This research proved to this group that large electronic groups are not inevitably the best option for solving indus soften related issues. If idea quality is the goal of the group, this issue idler better be solved by collecting electronic individual responses rather than organizing an electronic group. Furthermore, the individual approach has the potential for cost savings.The second article reviewed was entitled Social Influence Processes inComputer Brainstorming by Paul B. Paulus, Timothy S. Larey, Vicky L. Putman, Karen L. Leggett, and Evelyn J. Roland, Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Arlington. This article was produced in jar against of 1996. This research project assumes the same findings of the first paper reviewed, that large group brainstorming is not al slipway the best option for generating new ideas, and takes it one step further to study the social influences in effect during the brainstorming process.The first paper proved that individual group brainstorming was the superior process for elect ronic brainstorming and this paper is investigating what elements lead to the productivity waiver that occurs between individual brainstorming and group brainstorming. The article claims that there are several social interaction factors that loafer be attri neverthelessed to the productivity liberation such as social interaction anxiety, social loafing, and blocking. Additionally, it is stated that there is no real pauperism to be a high doer and individuals result match their performance to the lower performers. The purpose of this research project was to provide further evidence for the social influence model within the context of electronic or computer-based brainstorming (Paulus et al., 1996).For this study, participants were assembled into groups of 4 and were asked to generate ideas using personal computers. on that point were four different group conditions used. In the first condition, the participants generated ideas individually, with no equation feedback or verbal isation. In the second condition, the participants publicly announced the number of ideas they created in 5 minute increments ( coincidence). In the third condition, as they typed their ideas, the individuals would voice their ideas ( verbalization).And finally, in the fourth condition, participants verbalized their ideas as they typed and announced the number of ides they generated every 5 minutes, therefore combining both the comparison and verbalization conditions (conditions 2 and 3). The primary dependent measures were the number of ideas generated and perceptions of individual performance (Paulus et al., 1996). Additionally, this study examined the independent role of verbalization and social comparison processes in both the generation of ideas and the perception of performance in computer-based brainstorming groups (Paulus et al., 1996).There were 136 participants in this study who were randomly assigned to one of the four experimental conditions and broken into groups of 4. All participants were change in a large populate at the same fourth dimension, except in the no verbalization-comparison condition, where those individuals participated completely in another room. The participants were asked to generate ideas on the pros and cons of having an extra thumb on each hand. At the end of the session, the participants were similarly asked to complete a questionnaire which asked them questions about their perception of their performance during the brainstorming session. This individual performance information was evaluated by the research aggroup as well.The results of this study proved that by using the social comparison information, it increased the performance of the students generating ideas on the computer, meaning that giving the performance statistics of others can help increase the performance of the group. However in contrast, in the condition where the participants verbalized their ideas, this reduced the level of performance over the group s who did not voice their ideas. This is consistent with the idea that production blocking is a core soil for production loss of brainstorming groups, because the blocking occurs when the individuals in the group share ideas. Consequently, sometimes the performance comparison information can be helpful, but the verbalization of ideas nearly likely increases social anxiety and production blocking which will reduce the benefit of the comparison information.The more favorable individual performance perceptions were in the social comparison and verbalization condition groups. In summary, the findings of this study show that the perception of the participants in an interactive group is that they are more productive if they announce their ideas as they are generated during the group brainstorming process. In other words, typing ideas as they are being voiced during the group brainstorming process may be near if oral interaction is preferred. Additionally, give tongue to ideas can hel p stimulate the individual thinking process and can create more confident feelings about individual performance. However, the actual performance of the group may be hindered when participants verbalize their ideas collect to blocking and anxiety. Social comparison may increase the overall number ofideas produced, but verbalization of ideas may hinder the number of ideas produced.One of the reasons why I chose this topic was that within my team at BJC, collaboration is highly recommended and expected. Brainstorming sessions are a regular occurrence and used often to generate new ideas in facilitation techniques, training material development, presentation techniques, and special project deliverables. So I determined that additional research on brainstorming would be interesting and beneficial to me to apply ideas to my working environment. The first paper I reviewed discussed the use of two different types of electronic brainstorming and which version was best for the brainstorming process. I have read many articles lately on brainstorming where they have indicated that due to personality differences, and being more introverted versus extroverted, idea generation is not a one-size-fits-all process.Using an individual electronic process can help those that are more introverted to give them time to think about ideas and write down ideas as they come to them, instead of putting them on the spot and enquire them to generate ideas immediately and in a large group setting. I have personally not used the electronic method with regularity in a business setting. More often than not, we normally schedule a meeting and gain participation by having everyone together in one room and throw ideas around. I do feel that I can build off of others ideas slow in this type of setting, but I am more extroverted, so I tend to verbalize my thoughts easily and am energized by hearing others thoughts.I was surprised at the outcome of the first study where the nominal group generate d more quality ideas that the group-condition participants, which supports the concepts from our Organizational Behavior textbook, in chapter 9. I personally am randy by others ideas and it helps me think more creatively if I can see or hear what others are thinking about the brainstorming topic, because as noted in the second paper, voicing ideas can be stimulating. I can see where individuals who are more introverted may be intimidated by the verbalization and comparison techniques as used in the second study.I also like the idea of having a standard website or shared electronic document to capture ideas when brainstorming is needed, as used in the first study. In my work environment, the most beneficial format would most likely be the group-condition because we tend to build off of each others ideas. We are a very interactive group, so the oral interaction, or visual interaction, would work well in our environment. I have experienced productivity blocking in brainstorming sessio ns previously where your brain has a end to to get stuck on one thought or idea and you have a hard time getting past that particular idea. However, again, probably because I am more extroverted, and am energized by conversation, I feel that I am eventually able to work through the brainstorming process and not get stuck in the blocking circle. Sometimes to get past the blocking, it just helps to build off of soulfulness elses idea, instead of coming up with your own original idea. The second paper discussed that another reason for productivity loss was because there is no real motivation to be a high performer and individuals will match their performance to the lower performers.Thats not accurate in my case because I am also a very competitive individual. Even though there is no substantial reward for submitting as many ideas as possible, due to my competitive nature I would still try to submit as many ideas as possible so that I can be olympian of my accomplishment. I would al so perceive that my performance was better in the case that I was providing as many or more ideas as my colleagues, rather than submitting fewer ideas. In summary, I found both articles to be extremely beneficial on the topic of electronic brainstorming. I learned about new ways to brainstorm electronically and that there are many benefits, however with the social aspect, an organization needs to take into consideration the potential areas for productivity loss. Each organization should determine the best way to use electronic brainstorming for their environment based on their culture. Even though as the textbook states in chapter 9 that electronic meetings tend to lead to decreased group effectiveness and an increase in the amount of time it takes to complete tasks, technology continues to increase in popularity and it will be interesting to see how BJC decides to harness this technology to continue to generate quality ideas for the future of healthcare.REFERENCESDornburg C, Steven s S, Hendrickson S, Davidson G. Improving Extreme-Scale Problem Solving Assessing Electronic Brainstorming Effectiveness in an Industrial Setting. Human Factors serial online. August 200951(4)519-527. Available from Academic look for Complete, Ipswich, MA. Accessed July 10, 2013. Paulus P, Larey T, Putman V, Leggett K, Roland E. Social Influence affect in Computer Brainstorming. Basic Applied Social Psychology serial online. March 199618(1)3-14. Available from Academic Search Complete, Ipswich, MA. Accessed July 10, 2013.

Boston Chicken Case Essay Example for Free

capital of Massachusetts Chicken Case EssayBoston Chicken utilise a franchising strategy that differed from close to another(prenominal) franchising companies at the time. Boston Chicken focused its expansion through franchising the company through large regional developers rather than selling store franchises to a large number of small franchisees. In that, an established meshwork of 22 regional franchises that targeted their trading trading operations in the 60 largest U.S. metropolitan markets and in order to do so, the franchisee would carry been an independent experienced businessman with vast pecuniary resources and would be responsible for opening 50 deoxycytidine monophosphate stored in the region. Boston Chicken focused on widespread continuous expansion of its operations to operate to developed across the board fare chain. Scouting for real estate assured the highest standards for developing properties and was exact to the companys future success.To assist in future growth of the franchises, Boston Chicken implemented a communications infrastructure, which provided a supporting link for communication between its networks of stores. In addition in efforts to improve operating(a) efficiency, the company locked in low rates from its suppliers and developed flagship stores, which did most of the initial food preparation which inadvertently reduced employee training costs. Many of these regional developers were given a revolving credit situation to help support expansion.This type of financing came with credit risk while the franchises average revenue from operations were not sufficient enough to cover the expenses which raises doubt for the repayment of such loans. 2. The accounting policy of coverage the franchise fees from Boston Chickens commonwealth developers as revenue seemed most controversial. These franchise fees, which accounted for more(prenominal) than 50% of total revenue, did not represent revenues from operations. Als o, the source of most of the ranchise fees came from the financing provided by Boston Chicken, the franchiser, where the currency coming in was the same money that was going out. This overstated earnings of the company. Since the debentures can be converted into shares of common stock, most of the revenue from franchise fees should arrive been deferred. Reporting revenues that included these franchise fees his the fact the most of the franchised stores were operating at a loss, which provided a false impression to investors.While Boston Chicken, the franchiser reported a net income from operations of $24,611 in 1994, if they excluded the income provided by franchise fees, they company-operated stores would have been operating at a loss, which would have been a more accurate picture for the companys operations and its question of having a productive future. 3. Boston Chicken, the franchiser, reports revenue based on franchise fees (includes royalties, initial franchise developmen t costs, interest income from area developer financing, lease income, software fees, and other related franchise fees), and company operated stores.The revenue reported on the income program line does not reflect the operating income or losings generated by the area developers, with most of these area developers operating at a loss. Since the franchiser provides financing to the area developers, it seems that consolidation of the financial statements would provide vital information to the users of the financial statements especially since the repayment of loans relies heavily on the profitability of the franchisees.Basically, Boston Chicken was not reporting the results of operations from its area developers because Boston Chicken did not have an equity position in these firms rather their imperil in these franchises was reported as debt financing. In doing so, Boston Chicken did not have to report the losses that were incurred in these operations. By manipulating the financial st atements, the company gave a false impression on its future prospects of the company, allowing them to more freely raise capital through the issuance of common stock, and inadvertently inflating tock prices.

Males are the more dominant sex while females are the more submissive sex Essay Example for Free

Males ar the more dominant perk up while womanlys are the more submissive sex EssayMany times people allow confused and even used the terms sexuality and sex to mean the same thing yet they are not. To others, sex activity means wo manpower. Sex is biologic and it is determined by chromosomes and the body chemistry. Gender means societ each(prenominal)y or culturally acquired characteristics which are thusly associated to the biological sex. Sex is all about creation young-bearing(prenominal) or masculine while sexual activity is creation feminine or masculine. Gender is constructed in a social setting. It is learnt. Gender refers to the different aims and responsibilities associated to wo custody and manpower in purchase order. Gender includes men, women, youths and children. Gender means the appropriate qualities associated to the biological sex. Gender at the structural level influences the division of labor in institutions and organizations. At the symboli c level, it gives an undivided personality. It likewise explains the cultural beliefs and stereo examples of male and female. It is a set of cultural roles. Gender is about how people perceive themselves and how they expect others to behave. Gender is the social moment attached to men and women.Gender is acquired through interactions with others. That is, concerntakers, socialising in childhood and family roles. A child is only born female or male but through socialization, the child live ons a boy or a girl who later matures to become a man and a woman. The social learning theory with explanations on behaviuor and environment justifies the definition of sexual urge. Gender usually controls the principles of a cabaret. It influences the processes of production, consumption and distribution hence the sparing status of a society. ( FAO 1997)Improper understanding of the meaning of gender results into discrimination against women as people of emit status. Half of the inst itutions total populations are women. Women do two thirds of the worlds assign yet get an income of one tenth of the worlds total earnings and only confess two thirds of the worlds wealth. Norms refer to the demeanour expectations within a society. They are the rules that g overn the proper and improper values, beliefs, attitudes and behavior of people in society. Norms are customary rules controlling the society way of life.In case of violation, an individual faces sanctions from the society. Gender norm therefore is what is considered right for males and females in society. It is what people expect of you by virtue of being female or male. Gender (norm) expectation is a product of socialization. Agents of socialization such as the family, the indoctrinate and mass media makes it possible for a child to learn of what is required of him or her through rewarfareds and sanctions. Parents act as role models for their children within the family.For instance, a child that has been brought up in a family where the mother is considered an equal confederate in terms of decision making on issues affecting the family and not subordinate, knows that even females have a place in society. A child that grows up in a family where the father encourages in fondness for the baby grows up with the idea that caring is a virtue of masculinity hence this shapes their gender roles positively. At birth a doctor looks at the child and tells the parent that it is a boy or a girl hence the newborn is already identified by gender.The baby is then interpreted crime syndicate and clothed in dressings that suspensor relatives, friends and strangers tell the sex of the baby. Girls being dressed in bright sorry cloths such as pink with hair ribbons while boys dressed in pale colored cloths such as grey with football pictures on it. (/www. studyworld. com) This explains how much the society influences our gender roles. As the child grows, the type of playing toys that parents buy th em to a fault gives them gender identity. Girls are inclined baby dolls to dress and take care of which is a symbol of mothering while boys given toy vehicles to drive and blocks to build houses.Parents usually expect their female children to be softer and more caring while the boys to be more active and rough. Boys are appreciated for their achievements and girls for their looks hence this impacts on the children gender socialization differently. As the children grow within the family, parents allocate them household chores according to their gender identities. Girls left behind to wash dishes, look after their younger siblings and cook while boys told to go to the playing field to graze animals. Children therefore grow up identifying themselves as both feminine or masculine.Gender socialization starts as early as a child is born. The following theories explain this. Psychoanalytic theory which emphasizes on children perception on their genitals and cognitive development theory which focuses that children acquire gender and its stereotypes through their champion processing to understand the social world explains gender socialization process in childhood. Media as an doer of socialization likewise plays a role in shaping the gender of a child. What the child watches on television, reads on newspaper, sees on billboards and hears on radios influences their gender identity hence their gender roles.Beautiful women used to agitate cosmetics and kayo products and men advertised as heroes in movies. Media always portrays the negative side of women by picture them as luxurious with nothing to takeer except their beauty while picture men as people with ambitions to achieve and this is mostly expressed through advertisements. (www. studyworld. com) Our nurtureal institutions also influence the gender role in various ways. Girls being made monitors to take care of the classrooms while boys appointed prefects to exercise mandate in class.Pupils reading books where Jane is always the nurse and Tom is always the doctor. It is the society in which we live in that shapes our thinking, attitude, behavior and way of life. Peer pressure that children experience when they meet their friends also help in incontrovertible the cultural gender roles already acquired from home. Boys who behave corresponding girls in school or girls who behave like boys are usually teased by their peers and even ostracized from the circle of friendship hence this interferes with the childs ego. The child is then forced to conform to what is perceived as culturally right.Socialization works by rewarding what is wanted and punishing the unwanted character. . Gender norm determines the gender roles. Gender roles are social roles of men and women. They differ from society to society, culture, age, classes and time in history. Gender roles can be manifested through clothing, take habits, choice of employment and on type of relationships. For instance, women are believe d to be a weaker gender and therefore should do lighter tasks such as cooking, laundry and babysitting their children while men are energetic therefore doing heavy tasks out side the home.Culture also shapes the roles played by both men and women. Societies peg women occupations and men occupations. For example, a barber is believed to be a man and any woman who chooses to become a barber is nicknamed as a lady barber. Professions like law and music are also believed to be male profession hence women who join such professions are nicknamed as women lawyers and women doctors. On the other hand, occupations such as nursing and health care are believed to be female professions and men who join them are nicknamed as male nurses.However gender roles differ from society to society. In countries like United States, medicine is a profession of men while in Soviet Union, it is a profession of women. In Germany and Taiwan, all barbers in a shop are women. (2) Societies expects a person with masculine features to behave like a man even if that individual is a woman. For example, a woman with a deep voice and beards putting on a womans dress and high heeled shoes is ridiculed and unfriendly attention given to her. Many times we assume our gender roles based on our gender identity.That is, any person with remote male variety meat is assumed to be male while an individual with external female organs is assumed to be a woman yet this scenario is not always true. These kinds of people are face up with inconsistent gender role and gender identity . An example of traditionally gender role is males being attracted to females hence lesbians and gays are deviants from this expectation. Gender norms usually lead to gender role stereotypes in which a society expects women and men to behave in a particular manner. Society sees individuals through different types of gender lenses. one(a) is the lens of gender polarization which explains that men and women are not the same and th is variance is the pivot gene controlling the social life. Two is the androcentrism lens. It explains that men are superior to women and therefore their decisions are final. Third is the biological essentialism which explains that the above lenses are due to biological conflict in sex. Social constructionist views gender as off of fulfilling ones desires. Society thinks that men and women are different they should therefore be handled differently in terms of development.This difference in handling executes characters and behaviors that lead to gender stereotypes. This practice repeats itself several times through different generations until it becomes a peoples way of life hence impossible to reverse. Children acquire their gender because it is important to society setting thereby making them slaves of their own culture without noticing that other ways of life are also possible. . This change includes both men and women. The greatest change has occurred in terms of attitude and p erception.Societies no longitudinal discriminate against women as it was in the past. Women have also acquired a positive attitude within themselves that they have the potential hence can do all gender roles that a man can do. Women straight off take up tasks that were ab initio meant for men. Women have joined the workforce. They are now working as either part-time or sufficient time employees in formal sectors and are therefore able to form food unto the table unlike before where only men were involved in economic task. swop has also occurred in the area of gender violence.It was culturally believed that men should beat their wives to prove their dominance over them. Women were not allowed to take part in issues of decision making within the family. They were seen as inferior gender but this has reversed and they are now able to make contributions to issues affecting the family. The government has also become conscious about gender violence and action is now taken against th ose who abuse their wives. (Beth and Marx, 1998) Change has also been experienced in educational institutions. In the past societies focused more on the boy child.Boys were taken to school up to higher levels because it was believed that they are the backbone of any society. Girls were discriminated and were only given elementary education and then forced to marry so that the parents get dowry. Today, this trend has changed and we now have more female students in schools and even joining higher levels of education such as the universities. In addition to this, female students are now registering for courses that were initially believed to be technical and meant for men such as engineering.On the other hand, male students are also taking up courses that are believed to be softer such as humanities. work force gender roles have also changed quite significantly. For example, today men are given paternity leaves to help their wives take care of the baby and strengthen the family bond. G overnments have also focused more on men to the level of establishing resource centers for them so that they are able to pull their resources together for development. Again, gender mainstreaming programs have been introduced to help ensure that there is equal representation of gender in all sectors,In the sports arena, certain activities that were initially male domain are now participated in by females also. For example, sports like body building, football and packing were culturally meant for men but today we have female participants in the same. Females are also participate in athletics without any discrimination unlike before where female athletes were accused of being gay. On the other side, sports like handball and indoor games that were traditionally known to be female sports are now encroached by males and they are excelling in them. In the public arena, women are now holding high offices just as men.In the past, a womans place was the kitchen and could not contribute to issues of development. Today we see women act in politics and competing for public offices together with men and they even defeat them. Gender roles have also changed in terms of dressing. Today we see women putting on trousers which were initially mens clothing. retentivity long hair has been associated with women but today we have males who are also doing their hair and putting own bangles and earrings In occupations such as the military and other forces, we now have female representation.In the past, men were believed to be warriors and strong enough to defend their territories and women were not allowed to participate in wars. Today, we have women soldiers who go to war to defend their states. Household duties that were formally seen as feminine are now encroached by males. For example, we have male cooks working in hotel industries to earn a living, houseboys in various homes to take care of the house. Men beauty parlors doing female hairs and this shows that even gender rela tions have changed. People today interact freely among different sexes.Even though gender roles have changed, there are suave certain impediments to full change. For example, women are still seen as the bosses of the kitchen in the homes. They have two shifts of work. That is, after coming from work they still have to join in cooking and caring for their babies. Again if a child is sick, it is the woman who takes off from work to take the baby to the hospital and remains in the home to nurse the kid until he or she gets well while the father continues to work. In conclusion, I wish to note that, the effects of childhood socialization are so strong that it shapes our adult our adult life.References Blakemore C. and Iversen D. Susan, Gender and Society Essays Based on Herbert Spencer Lectures Oxford University Press, 2000B FAO corporate document repository (1997), what is gender? Retrieved December 11, 2008, from http//www. fao. org/docrep/007/y5608e/y5608e01. htm Hess B. B. and Fer ree M. Marx (1998), Analyzing Gender Social Science Research. University of Virginia Sage Publications educatee world (1996-2000), Gender socialization. Retrieved December11, 2008. from http//www. studyworld. com/newsite/ReportEssay/Science/Social%5CGender Socialization-32139.

Human factors and ergonometric Essay Example for Free

Human factors and ergonometric EssayInjuries and as vigorous as illnesses are habitual things in the body of work and spikelet injuries is said to be about 20% of it. Around 20 to 50 billion dollars are in addition estimated to be lost beca employ of venture injuries per year. Due to the seriousness of the problem and its economical costs, companies are implementing different ways such as the use of back belts in order to boil down if not totally eliminate back stain cases.Today, most workers are depending on back belts, excessively known as back support in order to protect themselves from back injuries that may go along in the work post. There had been some claims that the use of back belts reduces the force on the spine and increase intra-abdominal compel that counters the force exerted on the spine. It is also said that back belts also stiffen the spine and restrict diversion motion.It also helps in reminding the wearer to lift properly and thus, reduces injuries specifically back injuries in the workplace. However, according to the National set up for Occupational Safety and health or NIOSH, these claims lack scientific support and the validity and truthfulness of these claims cannot be proven. Studies done by the NIOSH also asserts that the difference in back injury incidence between those who use back belts and those who do not pose no statistical significance.NIOSH also added that the strongest risk factor is the biography of back injury and that the rate of having back injury of those who affirm history of having back injury is roughly twice as the rate of workers without back injury history. Results of the study also shows that through comparing the injury claims and as well as self-reported cases failed to show whatsoever significant difference that is associated with the use of back belts even for employees who does the most strenuous type of jobs. Thus, NIOSH does press the use of back belts in order to reduce the cases of b ack injuries in the workplace.Still, although the use of back belts lack scientific evidences that it lessen the cases or the risk of having back injuries in that location is also no concreter evidence that will totally prove that development back belt have no effect in the performance and safety of the workers and so I will inactive recommend the use of back belts in the work place to reduce such cases. It would be better than using nothing at all and it may also improve the performance of the workers because they will that the lodge does sustenance for their needs and safety. In order to guard the safety of the workers against back injuries any gadget is not enough.The surmount way to really reduce if not totally get away with back injuries is through bioengineering program that will help the workers not rightful(prenominal) to en positive(predicate) their safety tho as well to maximize their capabilities. Such program may include the assessment of all work activities. Th is is to make sure the every task in the company can be done without exceeding the workers physical capabilities. It is also important to provide a surveillance program that will identify any musculoskeletal problems that are potentially work related cases.Knowing those problems that may occur in the workplace will help the workers to really be cautious in certain types of works wherein the problems may originate. A medical management program is also needed as well as to monitor the workers specify and health to ensure that the workers are in good condition and to resist not alone back injury cases but other injuries and illnesses as well. Preventing the case before it is even able to develop is still the best way to eliminate such cases.Another important step that must be taken is to have a comprehensive training for all workers regarding lifting mechanics and as well techniques not just to be able to do the job better but also to do the job in a safely manner. This is not just for those who are newly hired by the company but also for those who had been working in the company for a long time. The proper ways and techniques especially in lifting are very important to prevent cases of back injuries. The use of back may not have sufficient scientific basis for its effectiveness is reducing back injury cases but there is also no concrete evidence that will disprove the claims.Also, using back belts may not just help the company regarding the issue of back injuries but it may be able to help the company in other ways. Through the use of back belts and right practice, the cases of back injuries in the work place can surely be avoided.References CCOHS. (10, November 2005). Back belt. Retrieved January 11, 2008 from http//www. ccohs. ca/oshanswers/ergonomics/back_blt. html NIOSH. (10, June 1997). Back belts do they prevent injury? Retrieved January 11, 2008 from http//www. cdc. gov/Niosh/backbelt. html NIOSH. (February 2001). Back belts. Retrieved January 11, 200 8 from http//www. cdc. gov/niosh/backfs. html.

Team Work Essay Example for Free

Team Work bear witnessTeam cut back is the concept of people on the job(p) together as a group up to achieve the underlying objectives of the organization. The teammust have a clear vision of each of these short-term milestone goals as easy as their impact on the long-term line goals of the organization. In numerous organizations today people utilisationing by themselves in achieving the overall objectives of the organization cannot accomplish certain goals and usually require people to work together with others due to its complexity, interrelatedness and the voluminous of the tasks undertaken. In fostering there is no one undivided who owns a work area or process all by themselves, people should be easy and receptive to ideas and input from others in the TEAM. The values of teamwork should be shared among the members of the team while compensation and rewards should wager on collaborative practices as much as individual contribution and achievement. It is important t o identify and thereby set a benchmark to the rest of the teams.However before embarking on conflicts of all kinds should be decide within the organization. Apart from the required technical expertise, a variety of social skills are essential for winner in a culture. The Forming-Storming-Norming-Performing model (Bruce Tuckman, 1965) takes the team through four stages of TEAM development. These phases are essential and needed in order for the team to grow, to face up to challenges, to tackle problems, to find solutions, plan the work in effect and deliver the end results.However there is a need to establish and develop collaboration and consecrate between team members vis a vis interactive exercises, team perspicacitys which will enable teams to cultivate effective team building strengths amongst each other. Modern society and culture continues to become more dynamic and the factors contributing towards this overwhelm the communications revolution, the global market, specializ ation and division of labor. Thereby individuals are now required to work with many different groups of people in their working environment and also the personal lives.Successful that creates effective, decocted work teams requires attention to the following areas mentioned in Figure A. Figure A Empowerment is the process of giving an opportunity or authorizing an individual to take finalitys, think creatively and have a control of his/her duties in an organization. It is the indebtedness on the organization to create a work environment, which helps the desire of employees to act in authorize ways. tallness management of organizations has a very important role to play in fashioning employee empowerment victoryful. ab initio the managers need to understand what empowerment really means and thereby establish boundaries for empowerment, in the event of the managers absence, the decisions that could be made by rung members should be clearly defined Managers should also build fa ith and assumption on their decisions made by their employees further managers should coach, train and provide necessary information and learning opportunities for staff to fake effective decisions.They should tackle situations wisely and not blame or punish their staff for piece mistakes to avoid employees flee from empowerment, The organizations should ensure that they remove barriers that limit the ability of staff to act in empowered ways. Employees should be motivated in terms of compensation, recognition and responsibility in order to drive success of empowerment. The Flow Chart below depicts the increasing role for employees and decreasing role for supervisory programs in the decision making process in todays context. The supervisor makes the decision and cascades it to the staffThe supervisor makes the decision and obtains commitment from staff The supervisor invites ideas into a decision while retaining authority to make the final decision The supervisor invites employee s to join him/her in order to make the final decision The supervisor delegates to another person to make the necessary decisions. This is only where empowerment steps in.Ceylon Tobacco Company (CTC) express mail continued its Sri Lankan operations and was incorporated in 1932. Between years of 1990 1994, a self assessment was conducted and CTC set the following lacunas such as lack of overall direction, lack of awareness on business issues, discontinued management team, departments functioning in isolation and in disciplined environment. After which the management identified Key initiatives and actions such as knowledge management, people involvement, culture change, gaining confidence of unions/employees and improvements in productivity via practicing concepts of Teamwork, industrial harmony etc.During the period 1995 1996 CTC focused on building Trust within the company employees by adapting Teamwork throughout the organization, extensive training for shop floor employees, com mon time entry system, common pleasure facilities, common social events etc. During 1997, shared vision and mission with focus business strategy, re-engineered business processes, multidisciplinary chase after functional project teams, extensive training and education, creation of a winning culture, industrial and non industrial benchmarking and focus on continuous improvement.

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay Example for Free

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn EssayIn the novel, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain, readers encounter a White boy named Huckleberry Finn, whom is raised in a nightclub where there is prejudice towards African-Americans that are mostly slaves. Over the course of the novel, Huckleberry slowly detaches himself from smart set through his actions and his lies, much(prenominal) as luck Jim become a redundant nigger (Twain 27). As Huckleberrys journey with abeting Jim become a free man goes on, he gradually separates himself from society. In the beginning of the novel, Huckleberry is treated as an push throughcast as he attains it from his father. For example, They call that govmentA man cant get his rights in a govment like this. Sometimes Ive a mighty notion to just leave the orbit for good and all (Twain 26). In the selection, Huckleberrys pap is basically complaining about the atrocious society they are living and how it is a society that is corrupt. This i s important because Mark Twain uses pap as a symbol of negative influence towards Huckleberry and this leads the runaway boy into befitting more self-reliant. By assisting Jim in becoming a sole individual, Huckleberry begins to understand that society is unjust by its views and is being unfair about African-Americans.This is shown later on on in the novel when Huckleberry says, I didnt answer prompt. I tried to, but the talking to wouldnt come I wish you would, says I, because its pap thats there, and maybe youd help me tow the raft ashore where the light is. At this point in the novel, Huckleberry meets two men on a skiff that are searching for runaway niggers, however he is reluctant to give Jim up and so faces an internal conflict whether or not to trust his own instincts or derive up on what society believes is right (Twain 90). As a result, Huckleberry chooses to lie to the two men and breaks off from societys morals and values.By his own decisions and lies, Huckleberry chooses to follow his own moral values and instincts. Towards the end of the novel, Huckleberry states, All right, then, Ill go to hell and tore it up. It was awful thoughts, and awful words, but they was utter. And I let them stay said and never thought no more about reforming I would go to work and steal Jim out of slavery again (Twain 215). Towards the end of the novel, Jim is captured on the Phelps farm and Huckleberry decides to write a letter to cast off Watson, his old caretaker however, he reminisce the journey he has been through with Jim, and resolves to free Jim.Therefore by doing so, Huckleberry sets himself free from societys moral views. There are many occurrences in the novel where Huckleberry breaks off with societys views, whether if it is by his choices made or by his lies. One major point that shows Huckleberry does not follow societys standards is when he helps Jim become a free individual. His choice to not give up Jim reveals that Huckleberry has developed hi s own self-reliance from societys perspective. Work Cited Twain, Mark. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Austin, TX Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1887. Print.

Integration versus generic approach Essay Example for Free

Integration versus generic wine approach EssayIntegration versus Generic ApproachAuthor NoteThis paper is being submitted on November 17, 2013, HS/100 Introduction to Human services course.Integration versus Generic ApproachThe integration concept is that which emphasiss on the integrating of the various homo services systems under one organizational or administrative system. In the most basic terms, an integrated service delivery approach serves people better, more efficiently and effectively.Integration calls for people within agencies to be involved and invested in the process of sustainable change. To compass truly integrated services, organizations must overcome their own interests and reckon at clients needs. (Friedman and Pagan, 2011).Today technology allows human service agencies to restrain a comprehensive view of client need, giving caseworkers the best information to look at services across programs and to allocate available resources to assist customers. This enables agencies to deploy necessary services speedily in a well-coordinated fashion (Freidman and Pagen, 2011). The generic approach to human services, in part, has integration, but it is generally believed that the breathing human services structure is most accurately described as an array of potentially connect programs that deliver distinct benefits or services to narrowly defined target populations.These programs are usually distract and distinct, through which money, regulations, and professional norms, and expectations flow. While some overlapping across programs has always existed, each usually operates in a relatively self-contained manner (Corbett and Noyes, 2008). I believe that the integration approach serves our publics best interest.To have all systems and programs come together to see the big picture, to focus on all the problems together, instead of having to go place to place to work on separate issues Unfortunately, aready-made definition of service integration does not exist. We have not been able to find a magic threshold that marks the judicial separation of unintegrated service systems from those we would characterize as integrated (Corbett and Noyes, 2008). (Ragan, 2003) states, There is no single answer. Based on observationsservice integration is a combination of strategies that simplifies and facilitates clients access to benefits and services. Each site has implemented a classifiable mix of strategies, processes, and partner agencies.