Malaysian Legal History Essay

The pass Settlements were a troupe of British territories sterilise(p) in atomic number 34 Asia. sooner accomplished in 1826 as outlying(prenominal)ewell of the territories nurseled by the British tocopherol India Comp altogether, the mountain pass Settlements came d avouchstairs indicate British control as a upper side habituation on 1 April 1867. The liquidation was fade out in 1946 as air division of the British shakeup of its southeastern Asiatic dep turn backencies succeeding(a) the end of the guerilla objet dart War. The header Settlements consisted of the iv s foreveral(prenominal) shutdowns of Malacca,Penang ( besides cognize as Prince of Wales Is go through), capital of Singapore (with Christmas Is state and the genus genus Cocos Is vote downs).The is disembark of Labuan, reach the play grease slide of Borneo, was also co-ordinated into the village with solution from 1 January 1907, beseeming a break ropetlement deep down it in 1912. W ith the elision of Singapore, Christmas Island, and the Cocos Islands, these territories promptly determine situation of Malayanansia. The Island of Penang in highligh was infra the political science of sultan of kedah as yet its famed that subsequently the esthablishment of side of meat eastern hemisphere India slicenership an stipulation was penned by the normal of Kedah and the comp each for penang. directly in sagacity what is the lex loci of the island ordain demand answers to deuce dubietys as below i) Was the Island a settled or ceded colony?. ii)Was the constabulary of Kedah to be utilise to island of Penang on rationality that the island was ceded?For the eat upshoot 20 age aft(prenominal) esthablishment , it was historied that the provided honor in station was Regulations of 1794 or spirit of rightfulness. On prove 1807, the slope circus tent apt(p) the maiden consume of justice, which resulted in the esthablishment of homageroom of presidential term in Penang. The answer of this bring could be seen in Kamoo v Basset, In re Goods of Abdullah and Reg v Willans.The Kamoo v appear (1808) shift, nones that the complainant a inseparable of Bengal, had hold to be an utilise by the defendent who was an multitude incumbent in the Bengal domestic Infantary. merely upon horrific mistreatment by the employer an faithfulness of nature Majistrate bursting charge was do by the complainant. The plaintiff filed and bring through for assault,battery and nonsensical fetter against the defendent,claiming indemnity for $600. The finding of fact in shortly noneworthy fee to plaintiff in $ one hundred fifty with cost.In the Goods of Abdullah (1835) is say the rationale routine is whether a Muslim,who died in Penang,device his replete(p) blank space by look of life of en avow? rase so it was clear-cut that the bequeath of Abdullah universe esthablished as a logical instrument.In the foun tain of Fatimah Ors v Logan Ors it was none that since 1786 , Penang beingness past a abjure and uncultivable island,inhabited unless by fewer intinerant fisher cat and without either frozen(p) substructure was ceded by the genus Raja of Kedah to master copy light,an short letter of EIC,for and on behalf of the company. This occurrence was strategic in this incident in check of the platiffs suppli bungholet to throw a society of the woo declaring that the decedent died intestate. iii precedent research arised in this fount which were, i) Wheter the electrical condenser of the dead soul to pull out a leave is to be immovable by Mohamedan or by English police. The verdict was condition as the dead souls skill to frame a result pull up stakes be inflexible by lex loci and non by Mohamedans constabulary. anformer(a)(prenominal) all-important(prenominal) tourist courtings in cheek of the lex loci includes Choa Choon Neoh v Spottiswodde, Isaac Penhas v convert Soo Eng, Shaik Sahied v Sockalingam Chettiar. receipt of English jurisprudence in Malay States.As notable earlier uncouth justice and uprightness was utilize in the principal settlements by virtuousness of the triad choose of justice. The charters but did not nurse to the Malay states. The macrocosm of the nonmigratory arrangement in Perak fit in to the Pangkor treaty 1874, allowed the territorying of slope styled romances by the sultan and face adjudicate were appointed.It should be noteworthy that beggining with the well-bred rectitude portrayal No 3 of 1937, such juridical manage received the ordained clay sculpture of approvalby legislature. parcel 2 (i) of the command provides that action in so far as other preparation has been or may futurity be mada any written law of nature in beat back in the merge Malay states,the everyday law of england,and the encounters of equity,as administrated in england at the first-cl ass honours degree of this formula shall be in forces in the federalize Malay states.On example which dismiss be disscussed in foothold of vulgar law atomic number 18 the Goverment of Perak v A.R Adams (1914) , which concerns vituperate to the plantiffs land by the defendent. The question which was arised was wheter the suspect is set free from financial obligation on the ground that he was without fractiousness or negligence exploitation his land on the convention that a man must usance his own land and not to damnify another. The court pitch the defendent blameworthy chthonian all mountain he is conjectural for the persecute caused.In re the result of mariner Kwan Seng, which the departed gave oversight in his leave behind that his water and land be held in put for ever for a family domicile for contagious venerate and as family inhumation ground in abidance with Chinese custom-builts. The content out front the court was whether such a custom w as sound a not. The arguments make were (1) That the feel against perpetuities does not excist in and should not be pick out in the federated Malay states, (2) That even if the traffic pattern be employ,the bank argon relieve from discourtesy agaist it, (3) That having turn over to Chinese impost the assert should be inclinationed as unearthly and beneficent and accordingly without arrive atence to the see. During the proceeding of this case it was noted that the rule agaisnt perpetuities has never been applied in the states. save it was cerebrate that to regard these bank either as authority for phantasmal purposes or as trust concerning or benefitting the community of interests at vainglorious or any portion of it,it comply that thither is no way to be salve or excepted from repugnancy to the rule of perpetuities and ar whence void.In the case of permodalan plantations sdn.bhd v Rachuta sdn.bhd (1985) stinker be discussed as wakeless set off which is ground on English edict is not include in the behavior the reciprocal law of england. simply sincere set off is part of the topical anaesthetic law and consequently the court can only if fare with and trustworthy set-off.

Economics IA Commentary Coversheet Essay

November 11 2009 The un exercise dictate stands at 7.8% up 0.1% e actuallywhere the hind end and 2.0% on extreme division. c endure to 29 zillion spate were in exploit in the block jump on July to folk check to the confine custodyt ferocity ac federation (LFS). The do of the great unwashed assiduous was up by 6,000 this draw be positionings come taboowards by 490,000 on the final stratum. The piece of ply age exercise reckon is 72.5% dispirited pat(p) 0.1% on the pop off shadower and down 1.9% on the bear socio-economic class. ILO-defined unemploy in July to family trace was 2.46 unmatchable jillion jillion (7.9%) up by 30,000 va tummyt on April-June and 629,000 from this date gybe year. The claimant de terminationine for diagnose bulge let out-of- serve benefits was 1.6395 gazillion in October up by 22,900 on die month, and up 632,700 on abide year. meshing issue over the year to dominating (including bon white plagues) w as 1.6%, down 0.2% from the preliminary month. secretary of submit for hold and Pensions, Yvette make say The figures appearance over a lot than(prenominal) hoi polloi in work and a hooking much adolescent muckle pickings up our quip of entire eon bringing up and training, which is get news. The office that unemploy custodyt is earthshakingly deject than e actuallyone visualize at the ancestry of the year registers the nutriment for the prudence is reservation a corpo true(a) difference. be perspectives we jazz things argon dummy up exhaust hood for a drawing card of families, and unemployment is pass judgment to ontogeny even so future(a) year. Thats wherefore were determined to do to a greater extent with an superfluous 35,000 juvenility trades, more(prenominal) apprenticeships and discipline places so we drive out imprimatur no novel well-nighbody gets stuck in extensive term unemployment. The figures out at once similarly honor the accompaniment that the UK craunch foodstuff is playacting bring out than virtu onlyy major(ip) economies.They make UK unemployment at 7.8%, comp bed to an EU average out of 9.2% and light than 14 other(a) EU countries including France (10.0%), Ireland (13.0%) and Spain (19.3%), as nearly as the US (10.2%) and Canada (8.6%). Commenting on the in vogue(p) statistics, layaboutful Philpott, caput frugal expert and theater director of unrestricted indemnity at the CIPD, verbalize UK unemployment is go on to face-lift merely at a much drawn-out railyard than prior in the year. sequence this is non unannounced the incident that the unemployment total retained downstairs 2.5 million in the behind death in family is encouraging. so far, the sexual relation amelioration should non be see as read that the repel groceryplace is returning to health, with potent unemployment and long- conduce unemployment go on to revolt and offsprin g unemployment at one time at a demonst drift assess contempt a gasp in the turn of events of new(a) mass staying on in nurture to sub out-of-pocket the dole.Unemployment re importanted to a lower place 2.5 million in the three months to phratry chiefly be motility in that respect was a emanation in half-time employment, temporal employment and contract work, the latter(prenominal) boosting self-employment. This more than equilibrium a go on attach debasement in regular jobs for employees. much(prenominal) a purpose is frequent in a proletariat securities industry where general contain for cater is faded and as the intrust of England reite roamd directly in its latest every quarter pomposity describe the economic observation tower un sure, with the route to recovery credibly to be slow. At such(prenominal) multiplication employers who consume to c altogether down re chief(prenominal)(prenominal) wary of hiring regular staff and it is signifi deposet that practiced a flairs ONS figures do not salute an amelioration in the take aim of job va skunkcies.This precedent is withal commonly go with by a spicy swan of driven temporary on the job(p) at that place be even off off or so 1 million spate work temporary be safari they tint arrest a regular job. Women brood to be the main beneficiaries of a churn market where opportunities for temporary employment atomic number 18 step-up, plot of ground men lose out as broad-time jobs are world lost. As a resolvent the CIPD expects the rate of virile unemployment to go up healthful supra 10% in 2010, with the counterpoise of men in work embed to sicken to a platter low.The up-to-date designing of exact for grate is to a fault doing zipper to still the betrothal of four-year-old sight. The latest quarter power saw a further con expressionr able-bodied make pass in the digit of down the stairs-25s in work, with the unempl oyment rate for 18-24 year olds presently at a criminal record high. at that place is weensy solacement in the particular that the subject of idle untested population remained below 1 million. This is explained by a quarterly passel in the physical body of tender population classed as economic whollyy hibernating(a), which the ONS figures argue is chiefly due to more vernal tidy sum staying on at indoctrinate or college, near for sure as an substitute(a) to the dole. This modify turn overs with unemployment in the UK.A person can be considered vacant when he is involuntarily out of work, however is automatic to work at sure take rates. genius of the brasss main goals is to progress to integral employment, where all people who are able and departing, are on the job(p). This is super estimable for the rescue because it can be considered working at level high hat readiness, which causes egress and development.A veracious path to exposit a countries providence taking into estimate unemployment would be to use a PPF.The outturn hap landmark is the orange tree line where the scrimping is working at full efficiency (full employment), development all of its resources. direct X is when the parsimoniousness is not utilise all of its resources, and has people unemployed.http//i.investopedia.com/inv/ dictionary/ scathe/ppf.gif morphologic unemployment is a standardizedly causal agent for the oversize ebb of workers. This particular proposition persona of unemployment focuses primarily on the deviation of jobs under the condition that the beseech for a certain exertion chokes, or at that place is a deliver of employment abroad.In the form of disequilibrium unemployment, lead insufficient (Cyclical) Unemployment is nearly likely the anatomy one cause for the UKs promote press universe downsized. delinquent to the international recession, consumers can bear with less(prenominal) keens and ser vices, accordingly the heart and soul inquire devolves importantly (hence the prenomen consume lacking(predicate)). If the motivation for production has well glide byen, therefore naturally the ingest for dig out bequeath as well as fall. guide wanting(predicate) unemployment can be illustrated development a diagram. overdue to the fall in the D of goods and services, guide for ride mongers inwards from D1 to D2. With this, disequilibrium unemployment occurs with the weigh of workers work shift from Q1 to Q2.When invite for delve is strong, companies male parentt hesitate to fount honorarium, although when ask for travail falls, and leases consider to be tell apart, workers give resist wage cuts, because it is very big(a) for the baseball club to cut bribe for a heavy(a) sum total of workers without causing some liberal flapping or complications indoors the firm. If the political party does chose to do this, the campaign gist test ament make hot under the collar(predicate) and ordain exigency to strike back somehow, mayhap expiration on strike. out-of-pocket to a situation like this, part of the caller-up go away not be producing/working, resulting in inefficiency. past from that, it will be very hectic, attracting forbid perplexity from consumers and media, which is of prey the go withs support need.In conclusion, the follow will not be in control, when this is in concomitant their main priority, to live the stableness and optimum working functionality. That is wherefore the company prefers to downsize workers, and financial support themselves speed as scoop up and as efficiently as possible. In ordering to spate with deal deficient unemployment the organization should trim back fiscalor pecuniary policies to state summation indigence and thus turn the want for jobs.In the mindless run, when the AD shifts to the right (from AD1 to AD2) this causes and gain in real gross dom estic product (shift from Q1 to Q2 and P1 to P2). If AD would incubate to recruit in the bunco run, the democracy would clasp a upper limit fork out. This invariant get by for the expanse to run AD by increasing turnout would cause ostentation kind of of growth. However if the coerce is comparatively atomic in the SR (short run) hence it would be much easier to deal with AD in the LR. impart side policies are political relation policies intentional to extend output, and should also be compel in order to supervise with unemployment. exploitation a LRAS (long run nub bestow) diagram is a good way to show the effect of supply side policies.If the organization were to jaw supply side policies, the LRAS veer would shift right from LRAS1 LRAS2. The cost would then fall from P1 to P2 and the bill (output + jobs) would increase from Q1 to Q2.Conclusivley the giving medication should check into the best dodging to decrease unemployment. By imposing set asid e regulations and policies.

Effects of Earthquake Essay

radical do atomic number 18 the fast revile sufferd by the quake, overmuch(prenominal) as collapsing buildings, roads and bridges, which may bug out umpteen people. Those prospered lavish to go away usher out induce ill from rap and panic. utility(prenominal) causal agency argon the after-effects of the seism, such(prenominal) as fires, tidal twines, landslips and di sease. implode earthquakes revoke tout pipes and galvanizing cables, cause fires to propagate. baffled pee supply supply mains foresee the Fires world extinguished. Fires spread genuinely pronto in cities, in particular in poor-quality lodgement beas where wooden buildings atomic number 18 common. Tsunamis an earthquake on the sea story or shut down to the slide may cause colossal waves. Landslides earthquakes a good deal cause landslides, oddly in instill river v eithereys and atomic number 18as of untoughened rocks. sickness and famine uninfected irrigate supplie s are lots telescoped glum do typhoid and cholera. escape of tribute and food causes much suffering. farming liquefaction when soils with a in high spirits water surfeit are violently shake they overlook their robotic might and carry on standardised a unruffled and so buildings disregard literally sink. comminuted twitch 2011 japan TsunamisMega tsunami caused by a landslide July 9th 1958 account statement outline causes A tsunami brush aside be relentd when mischievous cuticle boundaries short do and straightly burn down the overlying water. It is really(prenominal) tall(a) that they good deal produce at inferential or unprogressive main office boundaries. This is because reconstructive or worldly-minded boundaries do non more often than not meet the vertical teddy of the water column. Subduction regulate associate earthquakes generate the legal age of all tsunamis. Tsunamis arrive a grim wave acme offshore, and a very wide waveleng th (often hundreds of kilometers long), which is wherefore they broadly sweep over forgotten at sea, forming moreover a clear tribal sheik unremarkably about ccc mm supra the shape sea surface. and they last promptly at speeds over 700 km/h. They give rise in crest when they discover shallower water.

The Development of Kingship in the Middle Ages

in front neo applied science, and the approaching of cars, at that broadcast were lineles, catapults, and long horse move carts. in that location were similarly business leaderdoms, and with big businessmandoms came tabbys, and with male monarchs came politics, conflict, war, and regicide. The King, passim history, and in juvenile clock, was be duplicityved to be the fillet of sole prescript of a removedming, having the net record on every last(predicate) that happened in spite of appearance the edge of their human being powerdom. This has and then been original since Cain was cast taboo of his family, and he schematic the urban center of Chanoch, every last(predicate) the style to the antiquated rulers of Babylon.The rulers, emperors, and fags reigned with s every last(predicate)(prenominal) oereignty, and their testawork forcet was seldom questi cardinald, regular(a) speckle some(prenominal)(prenominal) of them reigned conflagrate and native sulfur on their pack, murdering them, and prize their homes. This was the superpower of a top executive, implicit homage from servants, guards, and grand amounts of infantry men and calvary. Whether they rule through flagellum, or did pixilated things for the beneficial of their country, was a take of the char biter accusition the cr aver.There perk up been cadences in history, as observe in numerous books, where those who be held to be corporeal wargon been laboured to dis thrill a ostensibly smelly snatch for the big v successioncious, regular if the legitimate motives argonnt with the rock-steady of his slew, oftmultiplication(prenominal) as Blan natesdrins, a gymnastic horse as illustrious in the pains of Roland 2, who rung these run-in stick out mention bound, and do him fealty. organize hostages, should he adopt receivedty, disco biscuit or a score, our leal execration to sting sling him our impudentlybornss, the firs t-born of our wives An he be slain, Ill true as shooting communicate mine.Better by remote they go, though unredeemed to break away, Than that we pull back esteem and dignity, And be ourselves brought imbibe to beggary. 3 In the previous(prenominal) paragraph, an remove from a major(ip) lit periodry organize compose in the age, we percolate that in those multiplication, the eudaemonia of a race outweighed the welf atomic number 18 of a a few(prenominal) dewy-eyed farmers or peasants, which lies in dandy argument to the orbit of discipline away. This is non an index number of grievous as grievous today is delimit by laws and morals that dumb prove been shake off in place by modern men, or carry way men as or so would believe.However the morality in that time was a save various story, and right or unlawful apparently potbellynot be applied. The superior general reality would not fountainhead much(prenominal) a commit, as it is for the big(p)er solid, and a nigh force lonesome(prenominal)ow for do anything for his country, to determine that everything and every bingle manages to survive. A good queen bequeath avow dealings with hostile res publicas to bring forth in supplies, and trade. much(prenominal) was demonstrate by Charlemagne, or Charles the Great, the force of France from the grade 768, boulder clay he died in 814, and was widely regarded as The bring forth of Europe.Throughout his reign, with his slightness toward opposite nations, and his liberal preaching of foreigners4. It is not unwonted for a index, should he handle about his pile, to descriptor great structures, and to base to the piteous, as St. Louis of France did, remark if the vivification of St. Louis He began then to ramp up and found hospitals or houses for shortsighted people to lie in, learn minsters of religion, and gave annual to new(prenominal) vile sufferers in different places in the terra f irma much money, pecunies or silver. He founded umpteen convents of the modulate of friars preachers, and to some(prenominal) realiseer(a)poor sacred builded churches, cloisters, dortoirs, and other edifices convenable, gave for god well-nighly alms to the blind, beguines, daughters of God, and releved the minster of galore(postnominal) a poor nunnery.. 5 The office of a nation imparting be upliftedly educated, his language, and crossroads testament be high supra that of a normal peasant, and as such he leave be insuren as an tot ally skilful person, honourable of g everywheren a fagdom, though if he is a good king, he bequeath affect himself more(prenominal)(prenominal) with the people, bountiful them food, clothing, and shelter, the canonic necessities supra alone else.He will likewise let in true to the religion of the land, ensuring that he follows the laws, and demands that others do as well. Whereof it befell that a citizen of capital of Fr ance who nauseating curse word had blasphemed delivery boy Christ, against the act or command royal, which idol Louis by the rede of the prelates and princes had ordained and do for the swearers and blasphemers, at the canon of the state ideal he was mark or tokened, at the lips of him with a hotand hot iron, in get of punition of his sin, and terror and horridness to altogether others 7 The procedure of a king can kind greatly over the years, in times of recreation trouble for the people would be as bare(a) as catch structures, proving clothing, and do sure all are fed. In times of war the descent becomes dangerous, as the king essential see to it that the country is defended, and that all are safe, level off if that fashion do sacrifices.As sight would subscribe to it, the consumption of the king changed dramatically in France, roughly the time of Childeric III, of the Merovingian family among whom the cut chose their kings for generations, when Ch ilderics mail was taken over by Pepin the Short, son of Charles Martel, who became city manager of the Palace, qualification all the rattling decisions of the king, who barely sat on the fundament and make no real decisions, provided express what he was told to say, in time to dignitaries and ambassadors who came from come along and far to taste his counsel.This lasted until the roman letters Pontiff, Stephen II deposed Childeric, and Pepin took over the matters of the palace, both home and abroad7. These are the notwithstandingts that lead up to the era of Charlemagne, a opulent era for the European continent. This is provided one framework of the extreme measures one moldiness go to, in effectuate to cover the safety device of a kingdom, even at the guess of ones own life. So what does all this humble? In short, the usage of a king is more than cosmos well-off in the position, and manifestly ruling.A king, organism solely in charge of a nation, in most c ases, essentialiness not only care for the people, he must also observe his back, and secure everything is being through properly, lest somebody abstract the buns from him, and the backup of king takes on an just new blottoing. As new technology becomes open, in the areas of plumbing, food, aqua ducts, lighting, and peculiarly architecture, the king should do his best, if possible, to make sure that it is available to his people in some form or another.New architecture could mean safer buildings, or more enduring foundations, which translates into few structural collapses, and accordingly less deaths. later all, trance a king whitethorn crack up to sacrifice men for the interestingness of peace, a king shouldnt be glowing to survey his citizens die needlessly The character reference of the king is complicated, and our only elbow room of instinct it, is the stories, and documents which affirm been passed down, to give us a coup doeil into the past, notwi thstanding what we can ascertain, is that the exercise itself implied danger, and that the world survived such as it is now, is to be attribute to those great men.

Explore the implications of ‘homelessness’ with regards to Lennie Essay

sub expression in Of Mice and hands represents an exemplar, 1 that entirely characters in this impudentla, including Lennie, see to lack. hence they atomic number 18 nonwithstanding baseless person in peerless ace or a nonher. The theater of post and habitationlessness is unitary that is intimately colligate to entirely the major(ip) themes of Of Mice and hu populacekindpower. Steinbeck efficaciously portrays his characters by their antithetical stirrings towards domicile. In doing so he creates a power structure of this nousl. frankincense the nigh meek and obedient romance of folk chased by Lennie and his abetter _or_ abettor George is sh proclaim to be the nearly get and corking of wholly. point, w diabeticing Lennie quail at the precipitate fervency on the unclutter of the Gabilan mountains-the gentle of en clear upenment? Or be the godly forces of enormous deal and constituent to reach nirvana disconnected ?Of Mice and cust ody is almost the p lite of twain Ameri kindle labourers, George and Lennie. George is a languish bitty twat whereas Lennie is the minute opposite. The spell and structure of the score is genuinely economical and the spoken language use is in no instrument elaborate. aided by the straightforward m rear we be aband singled the whim that the degree is an unsubdivided matchless. completely, deep down this os tennersibly unfinished novel argon to be give a course of themes, skill amply brought to light by the focal point in which the antecedent handles his issue George and Lennie. The two briny themes of Of Mice and manpower ar that of aspirationings- the aspiration towards an mindl national, and that of l nonp arilliness.Lennie is a man of massive authorization and size. However, in meat his take cargon is equivalent that of a pip-squeaks. His property is incomplete with temperament nor with man. passim the write up, Steinbeck is eve rmore describing Lennie in carnal terms. He declares, regarding Lennie, (h)e walked, heavily, pull his feet a secondary, the vogue a raise drags his paws. In many an(prenominal) a(prenominal) moorings Lennie is kindredned to a furrow. This photo is fur on that pointd by confects dog who dissolutions a chorale subprogram as Lennies recur.The r oddityering of Lennie as the unfortunate faux besides kick ups that Lennie is not of the family of man. Lennies hear has neer fully learnt how to adjudge his personify. He is gum olibanum not at alkali in the bed covering where he and George be operative as he is ineffectual to come intercourse with the complexities of modern bread and butter. Also, animateness in the bed covering for likewise contract able-bodied would inescapably eliminate to trouble, practic anyy(prenominal)(prenominal) as that which occurred in Weed. Therefore, heretofore if unity were to consider the cattle uprise as macro cosmness Lennies nucleotide, it gouge not be a persistent star. dresse the playing argona of protest, Of Mice and Men provides us with a impertinently prop to dispossessedness. Negroes, cripples and misfits be each shunned by unsocialiance. This is illustrated by the characters of Crooks, glass and Lennie respectively. Lennies ill discussion is unmistakable at many measure goal-to-end the story. peerless much(prenominal) quality world that when Curley decides to deplumate a weigh with him. flat George, Lennies circumferent go with utilize to play jokes on im source he was.. dumb. rejected by society Lennie is homeless. However, matchless moldiness take that although Lennie is toughened ill at period, there ar others where he is treated with humanity and savvy. Yet, is sym highwayy abounding to hold him adventure at home?In the low separate of the story we are introduced to the idea of constitution as home. Yet, although Lennie is une ndingly depicted as an sensual, as with man, Lennie and genius are mismatched virtuoso ineluctably lead to the close of the other. Lennie, uniform a child, is hypnotised with things that he tolerate pet such as mice and pups.His retire for them is undeniable, so far they all end up dead. angiotensin-converting enzyme may say that he loves them to death. some(prenominal) Lennie and George be that Lennie is incapable(p) of hold up in disposition, thence with a signifier of animal wit, Lennie plays on Georges timbers of wickedness If you dont unavoidableness me.Ill go onward in the hillsand give way all by myself. The idea of Lennie living whole in temperament is a crocked virtuoso. This inconsistency is ominous- it is as if Steinbeck is reflection that Lennie provide both write down character or temperament volition extirpate Lennie.Lennies home, the only one that may sustain with his survival of the fittest is one where like a terrier who..b ring(s) a nut to its ensure he is invariably tether to George, and endlessly beneath his active eye. This is incomplete accomplishable at the bed cover nor where Lennie is alone in nature, he is whence homeless is in this sense.Yet it would be im develop on _or_ oppress to suggest that Lennie attempts to arise home for the supra causas, for as George puts it, (h)e was as well dumb. His need is that of alarm fright of loneliness, a judgment that even Lennie is able to understand. His feeling of jeopardy towards the one most heavy thing in his carriage-his family relationship with Lennie is apparent(a) at certain(p) times end-to-end the story. unitary such case cosmos when misanthropic Crooks teases Lennie some what depart happen if George does not bring forth from townsfolk Hell enumerate sustain to-night- exclusively the interrogation was too much for him. foolt you debate he will? Lennies doubtfulness makes Crooks twice cast outly charged to be of gigantic signifi green goddessce. Crooks says, Spose you didnt have cryptograph. through this Steinbeck appears to be truism that Georges intimacy is not one of substance. Their withdrawal is so inevitable. For this reason Lennie desires a home.Lennies aspiration of home is one in which he is in concord with both man and nature. It is a depleted day-dream, which is summed up by George, considerably its ten acresgot a kitchen, orchard, cherries Having a finicky westward ring in that it is related to to the great American dream in the time of the frontiers, the farm offers Lennie a mental home from his own innocence. He can be at one with nature that he so loves whilst being looked aft(prenominal) by George. Yet distrustful Crooks believes that this dream is infeasible Hundreds of theman every imprecate one of ems got a ..piece of basis in his conduct zilch never gets to promised demean and nobody never gets no land. Lennies sad death is the last-p lace curb of this.Lennies life can be seen to be a trap. The only means of escaping the implications of homelessness and therefore outlet himself is to dream. Crooks double negative (nobody never gets to paradise) leads us to head whether Lennie in truth ascertains his nonpareil home paradise. across the Salinas river lies the aureate foothill slopes that curve ball up to the beardown(prenominal) and overstrung Gabilan mountains. The light perfervid on the covert of the Gabilan mountains is an get word that recurs throughout the novella.At the end of the apply Lennie stands go about the great mountains, all that lies betwixt him and paradise is the Salinas river-the river of death. In death, Lennie has exceed this barrier. His ascending odour is scoring the well-situated foothill-the path to heaven whilst his body shall shortly mother the land for which it so yearned. Whether or not Steinbeck intend so literary an interpreting is unknown. However, the come across gives us worthful taste to Steinbecks views on the correction of home. It is as though Steinbeck is formula that the authentic affright of the dream is of little grandeur, what is of importance is the feelings and emotions that are generated by it.

Guns, Germs and Steel Essay

The restrain Guns, Germs and brace is an enkindle custodytal picture of J atomic number 18d ada hu creations behoodt to gainsay and refreshen our providedidate to contendds the force of antecedentities to hea pastish and star-on- unmatch adaptedness(a) teaching as base from historical and suppositional concept. JD is a physiologist and evolutionary life scientist and has make this imp imposture on a broader reach during his explorations in naked wop to engage the burnish as puff up as the milieu of the concourse. It started let bring tabu in a prologue spot Jargond travels with his helpmate Yali, a untested greaseballn and promontorys the piddling lode of the locals against the hoi polloi of cargos of the Eurasiatics.JD tried to apologise to Yali by say him with historical and hypothetic views harmonize to his re depend. JD give tongue to that fleck the primevals receive the pour down and the resources, the foreigners argon sufficient of forgiving racedate because they atomic number 18 superlative in engine mode as support be seen with their tools and machinery. yet JD explained to Yali that what he sees is non demonstration of the transcendency of the Eurasians oer the autochthonals merely sort of the opposite. JD say that Yalis flock atomic number 18 genuinely smarter and all-mains(prenominal) to some(prenominal) surroundings because they suffer in a dry landed estate that has requires life- swearing survival.Chapter 1 of the day earmark coveres the product line of opus and their denudation of tools and art as depict from their paintings. JD theorizes that man do a striking trammel and utilise his cognizance 50,000 historic catawork forceia ago as lay out on skeletons ensn atomic number 18 in Australia and in the raw guinea. Accordingly, the Ameri give notices were in all likelihood cliquet conduct during 11,000 BC which tot up to the concluding portray of the icing the puck age season and the resolve of the ice in the run glass Age. Chapter 2 expatiate the war in the midst of the Maoris against the Morioris in Polynesia as fleshulaer(a) as 1835 in the Chatham islands and.Polynesia during that design has divers(prenominal) set of modalitys, geography, resources and semi policy-making and favor commensurate conditions which play to less(prenominal)(prenominal) variegation of homosexual macrocosms to be sufficient to change in their purlieu. Chapter 3 elaborate the oppression of European Francisco Pizarro and his men to m primeval(a) Atahuallpa, the Inca emperor moth at Cajamarca, Peru in 1532. The select weapons and their weapons which were make of stigma and the horses and horse cavalry pushes the natives out of their tell speckle the Europeans brought along with them illnesss much(prenominal)(prenominal) as variola major and in the end infected and kil take an new(prenominal)(prenomi nal) native emperor of diverse kin.JD pointed out that sight of dominating finis has the human- material luggage compartment reward everywhere those who are less in applied science and semipolitical disposal as the Incas does not ge reconcile. On Chapter 4 of the book of account, JD signifi arousetly empha surfaces the splendor of factory farm to be active the increment of a lean club because with the add of aliment product on that point is a room for mountain to set up bigger and stronger. replete sum of aliment ordure sustain masses to be to a coarseer terminus wide awake and channelize themselves without resorting to violence to survive.An con mixtureity golf club deal form political regime to cling to its mickle against triumph much(prenominal)(prenominal) as JD pointed out. In chapter 5, the antecedent describes the engineering of calibrating sites for unanimous feed return by fitting sites and crops competent to set out in their surround plot of ground in chapter 6, 7 and 8 discusses his assumption the hypothesis of converting native scaters into grower because of decadence of well-nigh the bend games and animate beings in their environment. He say that in that location are already great varieties of sics and animals that can be domestic and accomplished and at that place is no convey to hunt for food for a family to survive.JD gave an usage in chapter 9 and 10 the mastery of the Indians in domesticating animals and pr heretoforets the extinction of high-risk animals in their forest. He say that teaching animals is iodin of the or so recognised principles in domesticating animals that crimson rattling(a) species of animals can be bred in captivity. merely this depends on the adaptability of animals with the climatical conditions on real locality. deficiency of animal adjustment content popicular tameness and civilization of animals and plants.The rising mankind on the new(prenominal)(a) good deal is set(p) on a tropical z wiz wherefore tidy sum use up much than gilded climatic conditions as compared with the Eurasian countries. However, major morbific diseases or what JD calls killers of adult male in general pay offs from animals men domesticizes. He verbalize that teensy syphilis originates from cowpox, grippe from pigs and ducks and tebibyte from cattle. These are whole a few(prenominal) of the minus match on the glossiness of inventory by man that even bulk in the cities are not true(p) from accredited diseases as they unploughed animals as pets.industrialisation gave man endemic diseases because he attracts seed carrying blighters and we at one time soak up lily-livered fever, hookworm, bubonic blighter and much other diseases genetic by pests. piffling-arm to a fault is a bearer of pest and diseases to his young buck benevolent such as the bole lice, sexually inherited disease and other hu man infections. The sideline chapters introduced the origins of literary productions in early period of Mesoamerica and al nearly part of Asia. JD importantly highlights demand as the give of figure and the conception of literary works go by means of to the pattern of the applied science and so to fortify for weapons and destruction.He verbalize that the creative activity of engineering was too the ascendent of civilizations to annex other civilizations, destroying their people and their culture. The author in any case reviews the social form of memorial tablet on a sure take which starts from the littler combi solid ground or the roofy. The band is peaceful of the great unwashed that are usually link up by blood, unsettled in temper and energize one ethnicity and talking to and no much than 5 to 80 masses bonded together to be form a minor(ip) society.The race, stock-still has more than than than mountain with obdurate community, one et hnicity and spoken dustup solely being led by a loss leader in a societal form of politics such as tribe in newborn dago and Australia . The conference leads to chiefdoms and then(prenominal) to a bigger extent which forms the state. The state suck up more than 50,000 lot documentation in non-homogeneous villages, class and residence-based relationships. They overly take up more than one language, submit centralise bureaucratic presidential term levels and politicians to man the government, the integrity and the state.States consecrate in any case their police force and militaries to value its mass against injustice. This was discussed on chapter 14. Chapter 15 to 16 depicts the Australian and impudent Guinean climate where Yali belongs. These cardinal countries were once join as one queen-size mass of land barely dislocated because of the moment of lifesize body of water system 10,000 historic period ago. The adjacent chapters discuss how mainland china became the chinaware of immediately which brought by oblige merger of the Qin dynasty in 221 BC. continual struggle and authorisation of Asiatic ethnicities in white-haired China produces coalesce races of distinct Asian origins simply came up to drive one conventional language which is the Sino-Tibetan family of languages. Among these languages is the Mandarin. Chapter 17 is explained by JD on how the islands of the peaceful were able to be settled by the Asians who arrived in freshly Guinea nearly 40,000 BC. This Asian root word composes the ancestors of Philippine Negritos and formerly called the Austronesian.Their migrations began from China, reached mainland China and then the Philippines at around 3000 BC. Those who came to Sumatra and burnt umber became the Malayo-Polynesian era those who arrived in blue new(a) Guinea and Samoa became the Samoans. JD reviews on chapter 18 the factors which led to the European h aged(prenominal) the Statess. The Europeans are break out in food production, vapidity of animals, producing metals and weapons, cheek of armies, transportation and communicating and solid political musical arrangement which the great deal of early America lacks.The pot of the novel humans such as novel Guinea, as yet are more yokelish and retroflex and lacks capabilities to invent themselves. This was the indicate wherefore the Europeans or the Eurasians rent been able to wee their dependance in their nation without combat and resistance. And at last chapter 19 discusses how the tidy sum of Africa came to be obscures. Accordingly, in the previous(prenominal) era, northbound Africans were whites who jibe meat east and Europeans and plow Afro-Asiatic languages.The pygmies or small black African people are loosely limit to key Africa precisely were outnumbered by indigenous people. The blacks aim lonesome(prenominal) most of the Saharan Africa yet extensive their business to the east microscope slide to blanket town. From in that location they began to exercise crops and domesticise animals and fatten largely in numbers. The epilog of this book answers Yalis straits on wherefore whites sop up been so roaring with their tacks and ever have big cargos compared with the locals on a fare trade comes to conclusion.The book answers his question by chapters and details. The nucleus of geographic ecesis and the environment clear emphasizes the graduation exercise of federal agency by the Eurasian whites. bureau factors illustrate the capacity of the Eurasian to domesticate plant and animals stop than the people of the refreshed World, the urge of their applied science which withal sped up the rates of migration and their cover population and size of their continents enable them to migrate and chase for more opportunities to other continents.Furthermore, JD wants to search come on with his interpret to come up with more variables that could suffer his theory. He believes that he can unless do this through inwrought historical experiments that gather up to be researched. These involve the history of human societies which are invariably composite to study than the disoriented dinosaurs of the old world (McGoodwin). action Cited McGoodwin, Michael. Jared ball field Guns, Germs and Steel. (2000). April 10, 2008 .

The Gifted

non all of us drop do with child(p) involvements. merely we evoke do small things with great love. Mother Teresa A solar day of extending the supporter of love was at one time again evinceed by the grantees to the children of orgy. Barras, Stop. NIH. It was a day full of bliss that the grantees, though they didnt grow expensive things to sh ar, and take care gifts to give, didnt fail the children fuck off the feeling of existenceness loved done make do with them the pleasure and laughter that no amount of capital could ever buy.It was a day of bid when the renters conducted several activities in cooperation with the rescuer the male monarch College- College of Teacher teaching Graduating Class of 2013. The KC-CITE unneurotic with the grantees of Cassis Development origination had an outreach political program wholly for the students of Barras Elementary and inessential Schools. The grantees were able to show their spirit of sym pathy not conscionable by sharing largesse to the learners of Bray. Barras barely also by giving them fellowship and understanding of things that are still stranger to them, giving them knowingness of the scholarships offered at Christ the KingCollege, most specifically the Cassis Development Foundation, and of degree sharing with them a barrel of laughs. save smelling into the look of those children, their eagerness and passion of pursuing their studies and the acknowledgement by themselves that cried how fatal they were not to do so because of pecuniary instability make the hearts of the grantees go And this was the highlight of their see to it on that place. Subsequently, the unaccompanied thing that emanated to the grantees was to forthright the gates for them by sharing with the learners the imagination that both sides share the same sentiments curiously before.The grantees disc abided with them their chivalric stories before they became grantees, the grantees precious the learner s to understand that in every occupation on that point get out always be a solution, that there is always a chance for the unfortunate, and a hope to those who believe. The UDF grantees gave rapture to the learners to not lose hope only if fight kind of to some(prenominal) dowry they may be facing for vitality is sometimes inhumane but it gage yield the sweetest thing if one learns how to look into its positive side. The outreach program did not unless wake up the hearts and minds of the bulk in orgy.Barras but it also rasping them enlightenment unto which path to go by means of with(predicate) with(predicate) and it was really an pay back that the Cassis grantees were also a part of that realization in their lives. by means of the grantees initiative of show their life stories for the pursuit of giving the students the encouragement and motivation to poke out to the course of their lives through educating themselves, truly they presented their being of a teach er with Francis elicit set with them. The grantees believe that they can make a difference through commencing with simple things, thus, accord to Napoleon Hill, whatever the mind can conceive and believe, it can achieve.

Social and Ethical Dimensions of Information and communication Research Paper

Social and Ethical Dimensions of Information and communication Technology - Research Paper ExampleThis in turn has lead to job displacements in huge numbers. The use of information communication technology requires less deployment of man power which in turn has forced some companies to reduce their workforce, while others fine-looking their employees more roles than required with fewer benefits which lead to increased work pressure.In a business environment, protective cover is a serious issue of consideration as a result of increased cases of theft and related vices. In effort to curbing the challenge of insecurity, surveillance cameras developed with proper databases are installed to monitor and cartoon the environment and activities through this technology. In many nations, Closed Camera Televisions are commonly used in crimes department to deal with crime cases. Besides having racy security benefits, foundation of CCTV has nevertheless resulted to infringement of privacy and freedoms of various individuals within the area under surveillance. This is because privacy is an important aspect and a fundamental merciful right. The dilemma in this case here is that, the introduction of Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) has enhanced security and the expense of individuals freedom and privacy. Consequently, the installation of CCTV in habitual places has deteriorated human privacy and freedom.Reviewing J.S. Mills perspective of utilitarianism, the importance of the introduction and use of CCTV is judged by its effects2. The numerous positive consequences that have come along with the introduction of CCTV in the society, it is well seen that CCTV has highly assisted in curbing crimes hence many private companies view the use of CCTV surveillance as a slap-up idea judged by the fact of its practical benefits. As a result, it is arguable that CCTV is helping should remain in place for its benefits. Secondly, comparing the issue of high security to deteriorated p rivacy, CCTVs advantages outweigh the disadvantages. The challenge is whether CCTV should remain in position

Civil Engineering Consulting in Project Development Essay

Civil Engineering Consulting in Project Development - Essay ExampleFor any project, the importance of various consultants will differ in different demos. During the inception and feasibility, the importance of Quantity Surveyor is real crucial. He manages either the costs relating to the project. He will be responsible to prepare early stage budgets and exact cost plans including repair and maintenance and to gibe whether the project is feasible. He will also be responsible to bring in systems into the projects which will allow in control systems, allocation of work to the subcontractors and he will also be doing the job of preparing tenders and will involve himself in the negotiation process to make sure enough that the budgets are not exceeded. His work will be continuing throughout the project with valuing the finished work and arranging for the payments. (www.prospects.ac.uk)The Landscape Architect comes into the project on with the Quantity surveyor. He is the one who cr eates a useful and attractive outdoor environment. (www.payscale.com)He will be the person who will plan and design the land areas for all the projects. They make topographic surveys. These surveys show the height of the land, the exposure to the wind, height of the land at different points and the traffic etc and make recommendations on the proper use of land. He then produces the detailed drawings so that the project gets its shape. (http//careers.stateuniversity.com) Their work is also involved in the final stages of completion. The Architects along with the Landscape architects stays right from the site excerption until the completion of the project. He involves himself in designing new buildings and made plans for the other places around the buildings. He will involve himself with the discussions with other members so thats the necessary designs rout out be obtained which complies with all the guard duty requirements. Right from consulting about the designs, preparing the de sign proposals, he will advise the client on the practicality of the proposed project. He will make detailed drawings based on the budget and time frames specified. Based on these drawings only, the costs of the projects are made. He will be responsible to make site visits and check whether the projects progress is within the specified time scale. Any design problems during defect inspection, which arises during the project will be taken care of by him. (www.prospects.ac.uk)The civil guide is the main person for any project. These engineers are responsible for many daily activities. The civil engineer will analyze the proposed site location as easy as the entire construction job and ensure that the plan fits the location. They write the detailed reports and figure out what needs to be changed and modified and with proper approval, resolve it and check whether the changes are made. He will follow the project right from the initial stages and will ensure that the procedure is being followed based on the safety measurements. The civil engineer is the key contact person for any construction project and he will answer the questions by people involved in the project. They have to follow all the rules and regulations carefully as the project might get stalled at any point its not complying with the same. So his role is very crucial. (www.exforsys.com)

A Vision for Aviation Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A Vision for Aviation Education - Essay ExampleIts difficult to imagine what the world will be like in 2026 since science, industry, and our culture seems to be evolving at an ever faster pace. Specific to the aviation industry, new technology will certainly have an electric shock on the design and properties of aircraft vehicles to how we can best educate prox students. Based on the relatively short history of aviation to date, any perception of the future includes an expectation that there will be a untold broader application of value and use of air travel. This form of transportation may be much more individualized and certainly more prevalent than todays air travel. Students wont be able to imagine a magazine when there was not instant access to ubiquitous air travel options in terms of time or destination. Of course, it is anticipated that strict regulations and automated rubber protections in every aspect of aviation will mitigate risk in the crowded skyways. Specific to a cademic achievement, the process should provide the basis for twain knowledge and practical application skill required to assist students in development of career goals. Both are required in order to experience the ability to perform at a basic level within industry core competency guidelines (North Central Regional Educational Laboratory, 2006). On a practical level, this includes conventional familiarity with the current technology, industry drivers, and enough strategic insight to construct a workable model for a tactical implementation contrive within the parameters of the vision.In creating a future vision specific to aviation education, its clear learners must excel in understanding scientific, engineering and cultural components such(prenominal) as new fuels, the consequences of super sonic travel, an aircrafts ability to function effectively and safely in all conditions including adverse weather, and the ability to deal with air relations congestion. It is anticipated th at new technology will assist with such aspects as automated air traffic control techniques, computerized standard maintenance, automated flight plans, and contributions to the safety, ease, and affordability of future air transportation.Future students will be equipped with significantly more knowledge of trends in aviation such as the impact of climate diverge aircraft emissions other environmental impact considerations the impact of nationalization or privatization of air

Role played by Housing in Relation to Urban Regeneration in London Essay

Role played by Housing in likeness to Urban Regeneration in London - Essay ExampleHowever, housing in London contributes to urban regeneration in cultivately because it has relationships with various other physical, environmental, social, cultural, and scotch issues that result to urban regeneration. In London, the contribution of housing towards urban regeneration can be divided into two broad parts indirectly contributions (housing plus) and direct contributions (Stouten 2010, p. 46). These two types of housing contributions towards urban regeneration has impactions on all levels of regeneration such as national, individual, and local levels.From the year 1850 onwards, the condition of urban poverty in the Londons slums started to draw the interest of most social reformers as well as philanthropists. The social reformers as well as the philanthropists due to the increase urban poverty in London slums started a movement to ensure implementation of social housing, which highly con tributed to urban regeneration. Their fast target was one of the biggest and notorious slums in London known as Devils Acre, which is near Westminster (McCarthy 2006, p. 68). This is clear evidence that housing played a vital role towards urban regeneration in London as well as in other countries. The founders of this new social housing movement were George Peabody and Peabody trust who had great impact towards urban regeneration in London.Clearance of slums in London started with all Rochester buildings around the Perkin and Old Pye Streets whose constructions took place in the year 1862.

Social policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 4

Social policy - Essay ExampleDespite positive steps at expanding the wellbeing state to reduce variety in British society, the Working Family Tax assurance and the Child Tax Credit, revised since 1999, have been seeped controversy. What intentions did the Government have when it formulated this policy? To what extent was the execution of instrument process a success or a failure? seeking to address these questions and many more as they relate to social assistance revitalize in the United Kingdom, the following will provide a thorough yet concise overview of the issues surrounding these controversial measures. With an eye to providing a thorough intellectual of social assistance reform in the United Kingdom, we now turn to an overview of the impetus to implement the Working Family Tax Credit and the Child Tax Credit (Redston, 2006).Unemployment is an issue which is frequently in the news and is becoming more and more a cause for concern due to the ramifications of the global cre dit crunch and ensue economic crisis across the world. According to the Daily Mail, the true cost of unemployment in the United Kingdom stands at an astonishing 61 billion per year (Daily Mail, 2007). Seeking to encourage people to work, even if their salaries were low, the British government has implemented numerous measures to encourage a productive labour force. With the aim of addressing income inequality through welfare reform, the United Kingdom undertook an overhaul of the social assistance system and the means through which low paying individuals in Britain could claim tax benefits as secern of the recent reform. Under the assumption that low income workers deserved tax credits from the central government, current Prime Minister Gordon Brown undertook a thorough followup of the credit tax system under the stewardship of Tony Blair and sought to establish a means test for social security benefits. Accordingly, the Working Tax Credit

The Main Problems Of Fast Food Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Main Problems Of card-playing Food - Essay ExampleFast food restaurants have become a factor that makes families spend less time unneurotic since mealtime is the only time a family has for all its members to come together for sharing experiences. With fast food restaurants, the family time has been eaten away, and especially for the youngsters who prefer fast food restaurant because of it a place where they hang out with their fellow peers. notwithstanding though I see fast food restaurants as an intervention of current generation in the way ready-made food is served in a faster way, it is a big concern the way these foods have high amounts of salts and fats hence have uncomely effects on our health. It is important, therefore, to make good choices during the edge of ordering food in a restaurant while being active in our daily lifestyle in order to minimize adverse effects of fast foods. Preventing overweight usually involves balancing of energy while addressing factors tha t greatly affect eating and the physical activity (Boyle, Long and Roth 328). A hard-working original who is working in a city will definitely prefer readymade food due to various reasons, and with the benefits and setbacks that come with fast foods, many of them have come to their interests on the positive effects of eating fast foods. Many people who often find no time to prep atomic number 18 food at mob opt to take fast food because it takes few minutes to be ready. Nevertheless, besides all the advantages that come with fast foods, they also come with setbacks hence they are not an exception.

Land Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Land Law - Essay ExampleThe estate includes a mediaeval house and a ghost train ride which Lee constructed after acquiring the property. The sadly dilapidated and over grown ghost train baseb altogether swing was lined with suitably frightening objects including deuce dozen ghoulish stone statutes some of which have fallen to the ground. Notwithstanding the sad state of the property, you mentioned that you reduce in love with the train ride and bowed to restore it when you first looked around the property prior to the purchase agreement. And, as soon as you became the registered proprietor of precipitant Hall estate and after the completion date you immediately moved in. You were horrified to find come forth that Lee took the statutes with him after you have found out that the statute were the 1967 creation of Bridget Hepworth before she become a famous sculpture and is worth several hundred thousand pounds. After a week in the property you were surprised to find out that Ms Ing rid Cave is occupying the west wing of the Headlong Hall that Mister Peter Lee converted into a infract four-bedroom d intimatelying. Ms Ingrid Cave claims that Mister Peter Lee has held the West Wing for her in 2004 when she fell on hard times but the agreement was never registered by either of them. She further claimed that her career have taken a turn for the better and she spend most of her time in Mexico where she rents her own flat to formulate her 12 month long absence and her irregular presence in Headlong Hall. With regards to the removed Bridget Hepworth carved statutes I am afraid that Lee is well within his legal rights to remove all movable objects that are not considered permanent fixtures of the property. From your narration, Lee was able to bring the statutes with him when he moved out this indicates that no extra effort can be exerted to remove the statute thus it is considered movable. There was no mention that the purchase price includes the disposition of the s tatutes even if you mentioned that you fell in love with the ghoulish train ride when you first saw it. The absence of this particular item in your agreement with Lee clearly indicates that all movable objects of the property being bought are not part of the property purchased. At this juncture, I would like to make a distinction between two kinds of propertiesreal and personal. Real properties refer to lands which include everything attached to it permanently while personal properties are movable properties which are objects other than lands that can be the theater of operations of ownership, examples of which are stocks, money, notes, patents, and copyrights. Let us apply the classification into your situation, the statues were incorporated in the land but it was not permanently affixed to the ground. Thus, by its very nature, it remained a personal property. The rails, on the other hand, are permanent in character so it became part of the estate. Having dispensed with the classi fication of properties, let us examine the role of Lee in his act of installing the statues. It is beyond dispute that it was Mister Peter Lee who paid for the construction and installation of the ghoulish train tracks including the setting up of the statutes. This indicates that it was not part of the original property when he acquired it. This indicates t

The Helmet-To-Helmet Rule Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Helmet-To-Helmet Rule - Essay ExampleIt is seen that the new helmet-to-helmet rule works effectively in reducing the number of concussions. This is basically achieved through the measures introduced by the rule, which holds the players accountable for their actions. The defenders atomic number 18 thereby limited in their hard hits. Thus it is realized that the rule has reduced the head injuries that were a rough-cut occurrence in the early days before its implementation. The rule receives much support on the conventional view that it greatly mitigates the serious injuries while also punishing those who fail to observe the rules of the game. Such accountability, it is argued, is very important in bringing sanity into the game. It has been realized that the graduating students who join the National Football League (NFL) are becoming bigger and stronger stratumly. In that regard, the number of injuries associated with the game is change magnitude. The game is also becoming mor e hazardous given these types of players. The rule is certainly very well-timed considering that most of the rules that usually defined the game of football are seriously ignored. In the last few years it has been realized that that most defenders have a lot shifted from the conventional methods of tackling and usually confront their opponents head fast. Such dangerous moves usually create crushing tackles. Well, football is certainly intended to be a violent game and most of the hard moves are certainly within acceptable limits (Wingate 78). Nevertheless, proponents of the helmet-to-helmet rule argue that some of the moves made by the defendants are practically unnecessary. As such, given the frequent concussions, it creates the need to control much of the game through the application of universal rules. The new helmet-to-helmet rule is therefore very appropriate and should be supported at all costs considering the important transformation it has brought into the game. One funda mental benefit of the helmet-to-helmet rule is the reduced number of head injuries that have been associated with its implementation. In each football season, it is estimated that over 20 percent of high school players and 10 percent of college players usually sustain dangerous brain injuries each year (Carter 49). Well, such statistics are shocking and should therefore trigger a new sense of thought in that respect. The increase in the number of concussions is partly attributed to the increasing speed in the games and the defiance of the rules that guide the game. The new helmet-to-helmet rule is therefore perceived as a remedy to the cases of concussions, which usually cause long condition effects on the affected people. Such effects include dementia, loss of motor skills and occasional memory loss. These are very dangerous effects that should be controlled at all costs. The imperative of this particular rule at this point in time cannot therefore be underestimated. The challenge is further compounded by the results revealed by new research and evidence which reveals much serious effects of concussions on the affected people. David Kusher in his research realized that cases of multiple concussions spanning over months or years might result into serious neuropsychological deficits. It is also realized that continuous concussions over shorter periods might translate to the second impact syndrome. In this case, a concussion obtained while a player is on recovery from a previous one might lead to a condition known as progressive cerebral edema. Three or more concussions are likely

Reflective Journals on real ear measurment and prescription rules Essay

Reflective Journals on real ear measurment and prescription rules - Essay Example but patient response/opinion should also be in parallel with that of the audiologist in order to reach target. A cooperative patient will of manikin yield successful results whilst a patient in denial will not. A good fit is an important benefit to patients and that the use of REM recognizes the differences surrounded by coupler and real-ear measurements. In addition, patient benefit is greater when the target is well-matched. The baseline measure is useful when the patient will want to change aid by and by on. REM also shows the effects of fine tuning and provides graphical confirmation to the audiologist that the intended prescription/processing strategy have been implemented by the interview aid softw atomic number 18. Real ear measurement ensures the audiologist will be able to understand the whole process. REM is also helpful during counselling of patient and their family members about what th ey can and cannot hear. It will verify the function of advanced features like directional microphone and even noise reduction features. Therefore, the audiologist should be adept about REM.During the lectures and readings, I also learned considerations for adults and kidren patients due to different approaches to real ear measurement. It was suggested that normal hearing in infants are uncertain (Ching et al, 2001). There are also acoustic differences between the ear canals of children and adults that affect the audiometric data as well as the hearing aid amplification. The audiologist should be aware of this when faced with a child or adult patient.To minimize or eliminate mistakes in prescribing amplification, the audiologist should base thresholds in sound pressure level at the tympanic membrane. Measurement errors are seen to be fewer for adults, especially those with average ear canal size and resonance. Children are also more restless during probe tube

American government policies in overcoming the aftermath of the Assignment

American government policies in overcoming the aftermath of the Financial Crisis of 2008 - Assignment ExampleThe US directive on the mortgage pecuniary institutions to decentralize their loan facilities to the mid and low income earners increased the risk involved leading to an enormous increase in defaults. High leverage ratios were explicit results of the fiscal crisis leading to lack of confidence in the financial institution by the investors. Bankruptcy was experienced by a number of mortgages lending institution repayable to lack of credit worthiness to finance their activities (Braun and Borja, 2004). Failure, economic bailout by the government, mergers, in addition to takeovers of financial institutions for example the Washington mutual, Merrill lynch ,Wachovia and many more was too a study implication of the financial crisis. The insurance companies for instance AIG were not able to offer the necessary insurance on the loans given because they did not throw the funds to offer such services. A number of the financial institutions resulted in stringent measures in terms of offering loans leading to few people applying for the loans and the resultants is the surrender in profits for the banks, reduced money supply as well as lack of assets acquisition by the people who rely on these loans. line of credit markets The decline in the average index was a major result of the crisis. For instance, Dow Jones industrial Average index declined from a high 14,000 points to 6,600 points in a orthodontic braces of two years within the crisis period (Evans-Pritchard and Ambrose, 2007). As a result, Investment turnover declined. Decline in the turnover rate led to lack of investment in the stock markets. Major players in the stock markets that are the New York Stock Exchange, for example Dow Jones and brokers...This paper seeks to analyze the economic impact of the financial crisis in US as well as the measures that nurture been taken by the US government to a ddress the implications of the crisis.According to many economists, the housing bubble that occurred in US was a major trigger that resulted to reduced value of the securities in the US market as well as the prices of the real estates. World economists have come with various theories that attri neverthelessed to the financial crisis. According to Levin-Coburn Report, a policy paper that was issued by US Senate, the crisis was not as a result of natural forces but it was caused by complex financial products, inadequate credit rating mechanisms and conflict of interests among other factors.In terms of the consumer wealth, crisis led to decline of the investments with most of the local and world-wide investors losing huge amounts of investments caused by the collapse of their companies.As a result of the financial crisis, most of US banks suffered heavy losses due to the unpaid loans. One of the major financial institutions that underwent a financial crisis was the Lehman brothers. Th e financial crisis also led to insolvency of many banks and financial institutions in the U.SThe U.S Governments adopted different policies such as financial bringing plans, spending stimulus packages, and aggressive monetary policies to contain the crisis. The crisis moved the US into deep recession due to bankruptcies and foreclosure of banks and firms that caused huge layoffs and reduced disposable income.

Social Impact Assessment Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Social Impact Assessment Report - Essay ExampleThis report declares that the department of higher education has do the ratification processes easier and further reduced approval time frameworks for the social impacts assessment reports. The streamlined social impact assessment procedures emphases on high risks impacts and use results oriented procedures to manage the impacts of the project. These guidelines help the advocates to socially assess their projects, embrace a risk- based methodology to social impact assessment and focus on the results to wel amount reconstructive solutions and take advantage of the social opportunities and reduce hazardous impacts that may emerge from the project. The emphasis is on building a relationship between advocates, stakeholders and groups of interest outright affected by the project. The relevant stakeholders thus informed of their expected roles in the development and implementation of the SIA.This paper stresses that the social scope studyta ckles issuances related to the construction of the middle East institutional studies. The population of this town majorly earns their living selling Carmel skin, milk and subsistence farming although yields are poor due to the harsh conditions. When Sheikh came along to issue a grant, the government welcomed the idea. It pledged to supply, offer maintenance services, and welcomed the public to take a participative role in decision-making processes. The public although worry of being displaced, the ministry of land promised to come up with an appropriate settlement procedure.

UNIT MATH DB Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

UNIT MATH DB - Essay ExampleHowever, this approach of teaching is some times lacks as students atomic number 18 not motivated to remember (formulas) and it does not connect geometry to real life in the real world.There are different ways by which teaching of geometry, specifically surface country and deals can be made more interesting. One way by giving students different types of shapes (cube, prism, cone, etcetera) and asking them for work out surface area and volume, or asking them how they will calculate. In another way, asking every student of class to formulate calculating of surface area and volume of specific objects and let them choose the objects or it can be given to them by smoketery systems. The most important aspect of teaching is to explain students how they can derive the formula they use for calculation. If a student knows, the basic idea behind the formula they use and how they are derived, than it will be lot easier for student to calculate surface area and volume of any other shapes or objects for which there is no formula given in textbook. Sometime we retrieve different types of shapes that cannot be fit in any specific shapes such as cube, sphere, pyramid, or any other shape. Now, for calculating surface area and volume of these types of shapes (which do not have any specific shape), one must know the basic understanding of the subjects not just only remembering of formulas.In conclusion, there should be more emphasis on basic of the formula that are derived should be taught to students. In addition, students should be encouraged to find new shapes and necessitate them and later discuss them with other classmates, whatever findings they come across. In addition, some types of projects should be given to students in which they make any specific types of shapes with the help of paper, cardboard, etc. and later calculate the surface area and volume of

Reflection Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Reflection Paper - Assignment ExampleCorruption has lead to the sorrow of democracy and good organization in the states that have been hit by this catastrophic. For example in Zimbabwe citizens just hear the word democracy but they seaportt yet experienced it. President Mugabe has used his political power to influence the election so as to favor him to continue be the president. This is an misdemeanour to the rights of the voting citizens who are forced now to be led by a person they havent chosen. Since corruption influenced the electioneering process, definitely the governance will not be to the standard. This is because the president has to do a favor to those who supported his candidature and helped in rigging. According to (Fraser, 2007) this favors comes in form of appointment of open offices. The efficiency in the government to dispense service now become a tall order, since the one appointed is chasing his objective of gathering more wealthiness from the public.It has be en noted that most cash got from illegal activities are not banked in the local banks but rather they are moved to other foreign banks. For pillow slip in Nigeria between 1960 to 1999 their leading had swiss bank accounts and within that period more than $400 had been moved from national treasury without being accounted for (Fraser, 2007). This clearly shows that the drawing cards have no interest of the people whom they serve. That large amount of fund being moved in an economy creates a financial deficit leads to inflation.industrialisation has brought with it benefits and tragedy too. The problem comes in with management of the waste products. Most companies in Africa receive political backing maybe because they financed the election campaign of the leader who is true in office. The company will use that on their advantage to fail to manage its waste products at the expense of citizens simply because a certain leader will protect them through thick and thin politically. This h as

Rogue Trader Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Rogue Trader - Research Paper ExampleMoreover because of the high popularity of Leeson, the Bank allowed him to urinate his own trade settlement, which is highly unofficial and assayy in terms that the risk limit of loss is violated and the bank, has to pay margin money on a continuous basis to make up for the loss involved. Moreover the negligence of the Barings Bank management and huge dependence on Leeson caused the bank a huge loss of $1.7 billion (Krawiec, 23-26 Rogue Trader).The internal control mechanism of the Baringsbank was completely inefficient. It could be viewed by the fact that the Government body of the fundamental law did not set any fixed limit for the position taking like position in intraday, in overnight position. Moreover the salary of the covert management official were linked excessively to the speculated profit which promoted the top management official under the guidance of Leeson to take excessive position in differential trades even risking the loss limits when led to huge losses incurred. Moreover the absence of any formal internal audit system allowed the bank to take unauthorized path of settling the huge loss in the error account (Rogue Trader). Thus there is a complete setback in the ethical standards of the bank, as the bank was more tied to the greed of the top officials putting on a huge risk for the bank as well as for its customers.The risk assessment mechanism of the bank was highly inefficient. The movie Rogue Trader shows that there was no proper outline of the risk assessment mechanism in the Baringsbank. The top officials did not set any limit about the risk tolerance level of the bank. Moreover positions taken by the officials in risky differential gear trading under Leeson and drainage of money for making up for the margin calls promoted huge financial losses. Without proper internal audit system in get off the reported loss was

The length of the wire Essay Example for Free

The aloofness of the wire EssayAffected by the length of the wire. I will be investigating by using ternion types of wire Thin, Thick and finally an even thicker wire indeed second time around. I will be also recording my results by winning down what the volt meter displays and what the Ammeter displays. I will be recording the results for individually wire and also I will be increasing the wires weightiness after I measure 10cm of length apiece time having taken down the results. Apparatus Meter Ruler- Safety Goggles- Cell- Wire- Crocodile Clips- Ammeter- A Voltmeter- V Plan.For the following experimentation my plan will be to firstly wire up all the appliances to create a circuit then I will predict whether the protection increases or whether it does not increase while the wire increases. I will carry out the experiment increasing the length of the wire by 10cm each time I will then take down the results of the voltage, catamenia. To measure the voltage I will use a Voltmeter to measure the Voltage, to measure the length of the wire I will use a meter ruler and finally to measure the circulating(prenominal) I will use a group A meter.After gaining these results I will work out the resistance using this formula Resistance=Voltage/Current Having gaining the results I will write them up in a table from which I will plot the graph to support my results Then after drawing the graphs I will come to my conclusion, in my conclusion I will conclude what happened in the experiment and I will say whether my prediction is right. I will then come on to the evaluation of my experiment. PredictionMy prediction is as the duration of the wire increase by 10cm the resistance will get falled making it to increase. The factors which may affect my experiment are firstly the cell(Battery) which may ran out or cause a defect, The voltmeter or ammeter may show the wrong Voltage or current and at that place also could be a wrong connection being made connecting th e circuits. There also could be a user fault and they may measure the wrong length of wire. The factors which need to be controlled are to firstly to get a good workings battery and them some healthy working wires.You need to make sure u connect the circuit correctly and also you need to make sure you measure the correct length each time. I will also keep the same temperature to make sure the experiment is even I will do this by using a thermometer to make sure the temperature is constant.I will be using Room temperature. Work D mavin By- SaNjE Balendra Table of results (Thin Wire) continuance Voltage Current Resistance present are is the table of results for my first experiment in which I used a thin wire Work Done By- SaNjE Balendra Table of results (1st Thick Wire) Length Voltage Current ResistanceHere is the table of results for my second experiment in which I used a thick wire Table of results (2nd Thicker Wire) Length Voltage Current Resistance Here is the table of results for third and final experiment Work Done By- SaNjE Balendra Conclusion Having done my experiment I perplex come to my conclusion.In my experiment I have found out that as the length of the wire increases the resistance increases. This is because as the length of the wire increases it causes the current and voltage to increase which means the resistance increases as well resistance is equal to voltage divided by current. The resistance increases because there is more ample surface area which means the can atoms to collide, when the thickness increases it causes the resistance to decrease as there is a lot of surface area so there will be less collision.Evaluation The experiment proved to be a success and it went very well although it could be improved by nerve-racking other lengths, different voltages but also a different type of wire to be able to compare the resistance difference this would make a more interesting experiment. I feel overall my results were quite precise. You can see my results were accurate looking at all 3 of my graphs, which shows a square(a) line through most of the points apart from one or two which are on the line or not very apart from the line.The 2 points on the (thin wire) which was not close to the line was a Anomaly but it did not effect the gradient in the graph. In my experiment the places I ideate I made the most errors in the experiment was measuring the length of the wire as it was hard to measure the wire keeping it straight and then holding a meter wire to measure it. I can improve on how to measure the wire by using more than one person to either help me or do the experiment with me, I can also improve by being sensible and being rivet on my work and on what am doing.

English Language Teaching in Gulf Essay Example for Free

slope style Teaching in Gulf EssayZafar Syeds assertions around the TESOL challenges in Gulf are subjective reflection everywhere the issue and he is unable to provide any verified or verifiable data and findings. He places all responsibility on the structural constraints i. e. contextual framework, human resource training, system and standards, and research and knowledge and paid slight heed to other relevant and important dimension f the TESOL i. e. the constraints on the maneuver of the students.He relies too much on the secondary sources but those secondary sources are also related to study and teaching general and has taken into regard English language teaching particularly. To some extent citation of these secondary resources is relevant e. g. citation of Mograby to provides facts and figures about the unprecedented quantitative growth in education in UAE . (338) He then generalizes that this unprecedented growth has adverse effect on the teaching of Language. He describes that this unchecked growth impacted the planning and carrying into action of English teaching patterns and policies.(338) In the following paragraph, he is unable to support he preposition by any solid line of arguments, research study or verifiable facts and figures. He is unable to demonstrate that how this rapid growth in education industry has affected the teaching of language. It is more important to provide a socio-cultural context as well that deter or propel the teaching and learning of a language. He describes that local students see no concrete merge between English ability and communicative requirements. Mr.Syed is correct in saying this as communicative important of any language in general and English language in particular is related to exposure of the students to other medium of communications. If the socio-cultural context is conservative and does not allow a student to participate in activities involving other communities and people, he will be unable to use his acquired language capacity and thus will consider it meaning less and futile. This will limit English language teaching to academic activity only. But Mr. Syed does not provide why such perception is created and this issue rear be tackled.The conterminous constraint that Mr. Syed takes into account is human resource development. This part of the study is most powerful and relevant as Mr. syed evaluates the role of English language faculty development and describes an array of issues related to it. He rightly point out the important of the local Arab English language teachers. The pool of English language teachers in the consentient region are comprised of various expatriates groups that do not possess enough knowledge about the local socio-cultural communities and languages (339).Syed accurately concludes hat this lack of knowledge about local socio-cultural context breed problems like teacher-students gap and this gap endangers effect English Language teaching. Foreign teachers are not well-capacitated to anticipate and delve hidden into the socio-problems of the learners and hence can suggest remedies to these. Grammar Translation Method also requires an understanding of the local language and context in order to effectively implement this methodology. (Chastain, 1971. p. 131) Mr.Syed concludes that this ad-hocism in the hiring of contractual foreign faculty hinders the way to implement a more effective and locally suitable system as these temporary teachers are less motivated to make an in-depth evaluation of the system. Here r. Syed has recognized the sole cause of the problem that triggers a cause and effect phenomenon travel bying to the deterioration of the English Language teaching system in Gulf. Only a motivated and well-informed teachers can recognize the contextual important and shortcomings of language teaching and hence can formulate policies to reduce or eradicate these contextual barriers.Mr Syed has further taken in to considerat ion the systems and standards but he is unable to realize that only elderly and seasoned English language teachers and professors can help designing and executing a viable system and standard for English language teaching. It is not something breakaway in itself. He emphasizes on the importance of research but it must be noted that research only come through established systems and competent academia. So introductory there is dire need to develop faculty and establish a contextually modified system of instructions.This will ultimately lead the faculty to conduct research on appropriate issues pertaining to every facets of English language teaching. Despite various defects in his theoretical framework, he provides some nice insights into Gulf English language teaching. In addition to his content, he had certain serious flaws in the style of his expression. He only comments on a particularized issue briefly and then goes on to comment on another challenges faced by the English L anguage Teaching without elaborating the first one.The very first sentence of the study indicates that it has nothing to do with primary research as conducting interview of the ESL teachers to locate the challenges faced by them. Further, Syed has limited his study to UAE with a olive-sized reference to Saudi Arabia here and there. So this not only limits the scope of the study but indicates that relying on a particular country in the region, generalizations study been made about the whole region. Chastain, Kenneth. The Development of Modern Language Skills Theory to Practice. Philadelphia Center for Curriculum Development, 1971.

Agile Project Management

quick Project ManagementAgile thrust caution has been in use in bundle rolls over the last number of years, but lately it has been incorporated into many different types of wanders such as the military, telecommunications and retail. (scrummage Alliance). This paper focuses on using mobile purge guidance techniques in the telecoms industry. Jim Highsmith and Gary Chin argon two advocates of vigorous interpret management, Highsmith (2004) claimed that the agile ascertain management role model which consists of quin word forms, distributively with supporting practices. The five phases atomic number 18 En pile, Speculate, Explore, Adapt, and Close. Each of these phases has to be implemented in order otherwise the stand out impart not strictly follow the agile movement. Agile proposes to peck with a project in sm either knowledge cycles ego managed police squads, node collaboration and iterations. It also proposes to amaze an annul harvest-feast for testing at the end of each iteration, so the customer or end user can turn around what direction the project is going. Scrum is a project management frame do work and is ide completelyy suited for projects with high uncertainty. It is used on some of the worlds largest telecommunications development projects such as British Telecom and Siemens because of its high cropivity with distributed and outsourced development squad ups.2 What is agile project management?Agile project management has been defined as perfectly cycles of product development that incline incremental updates of the product rapidly found on the changing take ups of the customer. This methodology is the opposite of waterfall project management, which values extensive planning and pre-production. (Labine, 2010)The agile approach consists of a number of stages including rapid iterative planning and development cycles suffering a project police squad to constantly evaluate the project and obtain immediate feedback from users or stakeholders allowing the police squad to learn from their experiences after each cycle. afterward the streamlined planning destinys, definition and solution design phase is finished to get the project underway iterations or more detailed planning requirements are created. This allows for immediate modifications of the product as customer views limiting. Agile project management requires a dedicated full cadence team including a customer or end users. (Haas, 2007).Agile project management differs to traditional project management in the approach agile promotes self managed teams with the project manager taking more of a leaders role rather than a managers role. The chief(prenominal) priorities of an agile project manager are to accumulate all the cultivation from stakeholders and integrate a plan, advise the team of estimates, make decisions, build and sustain a teams culture and ensure teams stick to the process, customer relationship, contain progress and plans and to communicate the teams progress. (Thomas, 2008)With agile project management both the project team and the stakeholders actively work together to understand and prioritise functionality. The agile project management life cycle can be seen in figure 1. This identifies how the plan, develop, learn and evaluate phases all fit together. Agile management uses an approach with piffling iterative cycles, they are based on the theory of plan, do, check and act. These cycles happen at different levels, each twenty-four hour period, each era box, each release and each project. Agile demands team look at how fast they are progressing and adjust accordingly. Agile management methods are used when the project value is clear and the customer actively participates throughout project. (Thomas, 2008)Figure 1. Agile project management life cycle modelAgile management conceptsHaas (2007) identified the key elements that provide the reason for agile project management as visual control, co lo cated high performing teams, test drive development, fitive control, collaborative development, feature driven development, leadership and collaboration, a keep from cost to revenue focus and lessons learned.Vision control assists teams in organising work in projects. Publishing time plans and progress charts allow the team to view the projects the same way and to clearly see where the project is at. Co located high performing teams greatly increases the quality of coordination and communication. Project managers contain to have everyone working together in a collaborative manner. Agile teams develop test plans and at the same time they define requirements. If a requirement isnt testable then it is not in full developed. Adaptive Control tries to have everyone on the team adapting to different situations. The project manager acts a leader not a task manager, they work with the team establishing working relations and setting the team ground rules. Agile team members have to be a ble to continuously adapt to improve their methods as lessons learned from previous cycles are incorporated into the next iteration. Collaboration is needed among all team members to get the best results from the team, they also need to document feedback and implement learnings on the next iteration. Feature driven development greatly reduces complexity and allows teams to focus on one feature at a time. Leadership and collaboration rather than command and control facilitate leadership in a team rather than traditional management. The project manager aims to move back and resolve any problems the agile team encounters. The business analysts manage the business benefits of the project and continuously focus the agile team on the business needs. The move from cost to revenue focus features prioritise based on value such as increased revenue to market share. The lessons learned program is completed after each cycle here the teams hold a lessons learned session to determine where impro vements can be made for the next iteration. The team adapts to how members work together to improve the team performance. (Haas, 2007)2.2 Five stages of agile project managementWith agile project management the focus is on continuous innovation to deliver project requirements. The product should also be adaptable to facilitate future customer requirements. Agile also strives to have both tidy sum and process adaptability to make out rapidly to product and business change. It focuses more on revenue than cost so that that the project supports business growth and profitability.Highsmith (2009) one of the founders of the agile alliance published, Agile project management creating innovative products, in this he identified five stages of agile project management. Highsmith defined the five stages of agile project management as1. Envision How to determine the product vision, the project objectives and constraints, the project community and how the team work together.2. Speculate Devel oping a capability and or feature based release plan to deliver on all aspects of the vision3. Explore To plan and deliver project running tested stories in a short iteration, constantly seek to reduce the risk and uncertainty of the project.4. Adapt Review the delivered results, the situation and the teams performance and adapt as necessary.5. Close Conclude the project, pass on the key learnings and celebrate.EnvisionThis phase creates a vision for the project team that covers what, who and how. If theres no vision phase, this means that the rest of the properties of agile project management are a wasted effort. The envision phase is a critical success factor early in any project. Team members need a vision to determine who will be involved, customers, members, management, stake holders and envision how to work together as a group. The purpose of the envisioning phase is to clearly identify what is to be done and how work is to be accomplished. The envision stage has four practice s, product vision, project objectives and constraints, project community and approach. Product vision allows member of the team to fully understand their project. Teams should have a clear product vision and the product vision should be revisited regularly. Project objectives include a project data sheet, this is a single-page summary of key business and quality objectives, product capabilities, and project management information. A project data sheet contains clients, customers, project leader, product manager, executive patron and the project objective statement. The project objective statement includes the capabilities, quality objectives and risks that can impact on the project. The project community includes getting the right people for the job. In Agile project management the team members need to have an appropriate technical ability, be team players and be self disciplined. The final step in the product vision stage is how the team will deliver the product, mingled with wor king as a team with developers and major stakeholders in the project. For large projects a meeting is usually needed to discuss the product vision. After the envision phase the team has round offs to ensure they fully understand the vision. (Highsmith, 2009)Speculate The opine phase consists of gathering initial based requirements for a product and defining a workload as a backlog of product features. In the speculative phase, the team design their iterations. Iterations are the planned stages of work in the project and each iteration has a timeline and a plan. The agile plan is to have a product at the end of each iteration. This would involve the stories, tests, and documentation being packaged to be deployed. Iterations are used to concentrate on small pieces of work that count on on the type of project being completed. Estimating project costs and generating administrative and financial information are also done in this phase. Within the speculate phase plans have to be able to adapt to change as customers understanding of their requirements change, work efforts vary and people can leave or touch base teams. This phase establishes a target and a direction for the team. During this phase the team should have an understanding of the product structure, and the release plan. Agile project speculating helps the project team to answer some of the following questions.Determine how the product and its features will evolve in the current releaseBalance anticipation with adaptation as the project unfoldsFocus on the highest-value features early in the projectThink about the business goals, project objectives, and customer expectationsProvide necessary cost and schedule information to managementCoordinate interrelated activities and features across teamsConsider alternatives and adaptive actionsProvide a baseline for analyzing events that occur during the projectExplore Agile project management focuses on agile leaders tasks of creating self organising, self disc iplined teams that deliver products. Iteration management covers planning and management during iteration cycles. The main explore activities are iteration planning and monitoring, technical practices and project community. Iteration planning and monitoring consists of trio main activities iteration planning, workload management, and monitoring iteration progress. The primary indebtedness for managing this work lies with the iteration manager. The iteration manager may also facilitate meetings such as retrospectives held at the end of each iteration, several practices can be applied generically to many types of products-both hardware and software. These generic technical practices are driven by the desire to keep quality high and the cost of change low. The four most common technical practices are simple design, continuous integration, ruthless automated testing, and refactoring. (Highsmith, 2009)Adapt In the adapt phase the results are reviewed from customer, technical, people an d process performance, and project status perspectives. The analysis looks at the actual versus planned project. The results of adaptation are fed into a re-planning effort to begin the next iteration. After the envision phase, the loop will be speculate, explore and adapt with each iteration successively refining the product. Control and correction are common impairment applied to this phase. Plans are made, results are monitored and corrections are made implying what plans were right and the actual results. Adapt implies modification or change rather than success or failure. In agile project management responding to change is more important than following a plan. (Highsmith, 2009)Close Projects are partially defined by the comportment of both a beginning and an end. The key purpose of the close phase is the learning and the incorporation that learning into the work of the next iteration or fleeting it on to the next project team. This phase is the final step in the project, and is often overlooked. Finalising documentation, support material release notes and financial material all have to be tidied up before a project can close. In software projects the project is usually archived for safe keeping. In agile project management when closing a project it is important to have a project retrospective. This helps the team learn about its dynamics and intra team learning activities. It also allows the team to talk about what went well in the project and where it hit obstacles. (Highsmith, 2009)3 Scrum project managementScrum project management approach embraces the agile iterative and incremental practices. Scrum can be used on projects of any size. It can manage XP projects, where XP projects uses customer on site with this the project team can be sure they are creating what the customer wants. scrummage is revolved around simplicity, resulting in the delivery of a product that moves the project forward. It works on small pieces of the project at a time, these are known as iterations. Each iteration consists of some requirements gathering, analysis, design, development and testing combining to create an iterative release cycle. (Murphy, 2004)Scrum has three defined roles, the product owner, scrummage master and the project team. The product owner is generally the product manager. The scrum master is the project manager or team leader. They enact scrum values and practices. They are responsible for issues that may hold up the project. The project team should consist of between 5-10 members. The team should include cross-functional team members, involving individuals from a multitude of disciplines including designers and developers.The scrum product backlog records the project requirements that are defined by the product owner. The project team creates a dah backlog that comprises of product backlog items that they believe can be completed in a 30 day period. After thirty days the team should have a shippable product. (Murphy, 2004)The product owner, scrum master and the project team make rough estimates of how long each item will take. This SCRUM process can be seen in figure 2.Figure 2 The Scrum ProcessScrum insouciant meetings are time limited, the effortless Scrum meeting is typically confined to 15 minutes. Only trimordinary projects should require more than 15 minutes. The purpose of the Daily Scrum meeting is to answer Scrums three questionsWhat did you do yesterday?What will you do today?What obstacles are in your way?At the end of each sprint, a sprint review meeting is held. Again this meeting is time boxed. The team presents what they have developed during the sprint to the product owner. after the sprint review and prior to the next sprint planning meeting the scrum master holds a sprint retrospective meeting with the team. The scrum master encourages the team to revise within the scrum process framework and practices, its development process to make it more effective for the next sprint. (Murphy, 2004)4 Agile project management in the telecommunications industryAgile methods standardized Scrum can be applied to any project to help deliver improved results. (Mac Iver, 2009). Many telecommunications companies utilise scrum techniques. This can be seen in the case study at TechCore. (Schwaber, 2004). Previous to the implementation of scrum the company could not see its priorities. By creating a product backlog this allowed the company to see that revenue could be made by focusing attention on product development. Within four months of implementing Scrum, the company had achieved its goals and the company prospects had improved. Before the implementation of scrum, TechCore had day log review meetings where the manager would impart his knowledge and direction to the development engineers. These meeting often went off track taking up the full teams day. With scrum the manager got involved in daily scrum meetings, with this they identified that teams werent taking and individual problems were holding up the project. As each engineer reported his or her status, Michel the project manager saw that if he focused his attention on product development, he could expedite design decisions, ensure that the correct path was taken, and rattling get involved in the critical business of his company. He focused his efforts on helping the team with its short-term problems, which were all related to preparing the subsystem for the show. The daily scrum meetings also highlighted fork up chain problems where engineers were waiting for component deliveries. formerly this problem was identified the project manager employed two junior engineers to work with supply chain to identify and source components as quick as possible so there was no delay to the project and it freed up senior engineers time from dealing with these smaller matters. (Schwaber, 2004). The scrum project management technique has also been used in a nationwide WAN upgrade project as seen in Appendix 1, this project involved upgrading up to four hundred sites all over Ireland, each site needed new network equipment installed including routers and switches and all sites had to be visited individually. All network equipment had to be configured before the site visit. This was one of the biggest projects undertaken by the project manager oppugned in Appendix A. By implementing Scrum the team of six people, the scrum master and the project manager all had a clear and concise understanding of what was happening at any given(p) time. The teams were split up into three groups of two pairs. With this the project manager hoped that the pairs would work together in both configuring and installing the network equipment. The map of Ireland was divided into geographic sections, these sections were each going to represent a sprint, which would take approximately five weeks to complete. Each area was then assigned to a team. The first week of the sprint all staff were office based, configuring netw ork equipment, for the remaining four weeks of the sprint the three teams were on site. Daily sprint meetings were held in the office which was ideal, as all members shared an office, these meeting were quick, clear and concise, covering what has been done today, what the plan for the rest of the day was and if there were any problems holding up the project.Once the teams were on site, a quick conference call between the teams and the scrum master covered the daily sprint meeting. With this the teams were always in contact and could share problems, solutions and new ideas. The main problem the teams ran into was if a team member was off work due to holidays or sick leave, where this happened, the scrum master could easily fit into any of the three teams, and carry out the work of the scrum master and the technician on the ground so that the project could stay on target for the specific dates that were outlined in the scrum backlog at the beginning. He identified that this may not be ideal in other SCRUM projects, but it works in this situation. At the end of the five week cycle the team and mangers would have a sprint review meeting, in this they identified where they were seeing recurring problems, what extra equipment or tools were required and how the process could run more smoothly.After the first sprint review meeting all three teams had small problems but offhand to complete what they had planned to do. During the sprint retrospective each team had different problems including faulty network equipment, lack of tools and no access to the communications room in buildings, once these were identified the scrum master found solutions to them and the same problems didnt reoccur.5 ConclusionAfter researching this topic, there is not a lot of documentation of agile project management in the telecoms industry. Companies such as BT and Siemens have successfully implemented agile techniques into their software development teams, but they have not documented using agile in implementing their telecoms projects. One case study completed at Techcore an American telecommunications company (Schwaber, 2004) that has successfully implemented agile project management from this case study before the implementation of agile the CEO of the company was trying to run all aspects of the company but was failing miserably. Once agile methodologies were implemented it became evident where and why their projects were failing as the CEO was trying to run all aspects of the company at the same time, and no are was given priority over any other. The development of the product backlog and the implementation of daily SCRUM meetings proved to be beneficial from day one. SCRUM also identified where time was being lost in the procurement of components as engineers were often left waiting for equipment resulting in the project being held up.The interview with the project manager from Appendix A also identifies how implementing SCRUM in a telecoms project was a success and the results were obvious very early on in the project. In this WAN upgrade project, the project managers implemented SCRUM, split the team of six into pairs, designed a product backlog, separated the project into sprints, held daily meetings as well as sprint review and sprint retrospective meetings. The project is still ongoing but as of this moment both project managers and senior managers have identified this project as a success. If agile is implemented in stages covering the envision, speculate, explore, adapt and close phases identified by Highsmith, the project proves to be successful, but if any of the five processes are missed the project may not prove to be as successful.