Pygmy groups are scattered throughout equatorial Africa, from Cameroon in the wolfram to Zambia in the southeast. In Zaire, there are three chief(prenominal) groups of Pygmies: the Tswa in the west, the Twa between Lake Kivu and Lake Tanganyika, and the Mbuti (also referred to as Bambuti or BaMbuti) of the Ituri Forest. According to Schebesta, the power of the earliest reliable reports, scarcely the Mbuti are true Pygmies, i.e., low 150 cm. in height and relatively unmixed with abutting peoples. The other(a) groups are referred to as Pygmoids, being highly intermixed with other peoples both physically and culturally (Turnbull 1965A: 159-B). The following summary refers only to the Mbuti Pgymies of the Ituri Forest in Zaire. The Mbuti are located at lat. 0 degrees-3 degrees N and long. 26 degrees-30 degrees E. Their territory is a primary rainwater forest. The Mbuti have conventionally been divided into three groups, which are clean-cut from each other linguistically, economically, and geographically. Each of the three groups expresss a opposite language (which corresponds to the language spoken by neighboring villagers), practices variant hunting techniques, and is territorially distinct. The Aka speak the Mangbetu language (Sudanic family), hunt to begin with with spears, and stand up in the north. These spear-hunters have not been extensively examine. The Efe speak the Lese language (Sudanic family), are archers, and are located in the east. The Efe were studied by Schebesta.
The Sua speak the Bira language (Bantu branch of the Benue-Congo family), hunt with nets, and live to the south. They were studied by Putnam and Turnbull. The most profound difference between the three groups, the linguistic difference, is, according to Turnbull, of recent origin and is stringently accidental (Turnbull 1965B 22-23). Furthermore, in spite of the fact that the three languages are very different, there are enough similarities in...
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